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Most of us, no matter how rational we think we are, have a lucky charm, a good-luck ritual, or some other custom we follow in the hope that it will lead to a good result. Is the idea of luckiness just a way in which we try to impose order on chaos? Do we live in a world of flukes and coincidences, good and bad breaks, with outcomes as random as a roll of the dice—or can our beliefs help change our luck?What Are the Chances? reveals how psychology and neuroscience explain the significance of the idea of luck. Barbara Blatchley explores how people react to random events in a range of circumstances, examining the evidence that the belief in luck helps us cope with a lack of control. She tells the stories of lucky and unlucky people—who won the lottery multiple times, survived seven brushes with death, or found an apparently cursed Neanderthal mummy—as well as the accidental discoveries that fundamentally changed what we know about the brain. Blatchley considers our frequent misunderstanding of randomness, the history of luckiness in different cultures and religions, the surprising benefits of magical thinking, and many other topics. Offering a new view of how the brain handles the unexpected, What Are the Chances? shows why an arguably irrational belief can—fingers crossed—help us as we struggle with an unpredictable world.
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Quand Walpole invente le mot «sérendipité» en 1754, il évoque la faculté de découvrir, «par hasard et sagacité», ce que l'on ne cherchait pas. Aujourd'hui, le terme connaît une vogue croissante au sens de «découverte par hasard». Mais si cette focalisation permet d'affirmer la dimension imprévisible et non programmable de la recherche, l'occultation de la sagacité empêche de saisir ce que «sérendipité» désigne véritablement, et qui est au cœur de toute découverte. Pour comprendre le sens profond du terme, il faut remonter aux contes orientaux qui ont inspiré Walpole et Voltaire (pour la «méthode de Zadig»), et lire les romanciers et les savants qui se sont passionnés pour cette idée. Parmi eux, Balzac et Poe, Freud et Poincaré, Cannon et Wiener. Tous ont cherché à saisir le fonctionnement de l'esprit humain quand il est attentif à ce qui le surprend et en propose une interprétation pertinente, par l'association d'idées, l'imagination, la réflexivité. L'étonnante histoire du mot révèle de profonds changements dans la conception des processus de création, et dans les rapports entre sciences, littérature et politique. Au terme de l'enquête, ce mot venu d'un conte ancestral acquiert la puissance d'un concept, porteur d'enjeux épistémologiques, politiques et humanistes.
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Coincidence. --- Coincidence. --- Koinzidenz. --- Serendipity. --- Serendipity. --- Serendipity. --- Synchronizität.
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Serendipity --- Effet serendip --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Serendipity in science --- Congrès --- Serendipity in science - Congresses --- Serendipity - Congresses
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Réflexions sur l'existence ou non du hasard adossées à des connaissances scientifiques. L'auteur définit la notion de probabilité et il établit une distinction entre corrélation et causalité en vue de mettre en garde contre l'influence des statistiques, qui peuvent s'appuyer sur des causalités imaginaires voire intéressées. ©Electre 2016
Chance --- Probabilities --- Serendipity
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Serendipity in science. --- Serendipity. --- Effet serendip en sciences --- Effet serendip
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Serendipity in science --- Chance --- Science
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Every year, thousands of new business are started by people with no knowledge of modern marketing at all?and some of them survive and thrive. Accidental Branding tells the story of seven ""accidental"" brands and how their founders beat bigger competitors by breaking the standard rules of marketing. Successful brands like Burt's Bees, J. Peterman, and Clif Bar reveal how doing things differently can lead to big-time success. If you're an entrepreneur or a marketer, this guide will show you how to build stronger brands.
Branding (Marketing) --- Entrepreneurship --- Serendipity --- Businesspeople
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Science --- Scientific recreations --- Serendipity in science --- Miscellanea
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Serendipity in science --- Chance --- Science --- Cosmology --- Philosophy
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