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Geo-spatial analysis has become an essential component of hydrological studies to process and examine geo-spatial data such as hydrological variables (e.g., precipitation and discharge) and basin characteristics (e.g., DEM and land use land cover). The advancement of the data acquisition technique helps accumulate geo-spatial data with more extensive spatial coverage than traditional in-situ observations. The development of geo-spatial analytic methods is beneficial for the processing and analysis of multi-source data in a more efficient and reliable way for a variety of research and practical issues in hydrology. This book is a collection of the articles of a published Special Issue Geo-Spatial Analysis in Hydrology in the journal ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. The topics of the articles range from the improvement of geo-spatial analytic methods to the applications of geo-spatial analysis in emerging hydrological issues. The results of these articles show that traditional hydrological/hydraulic models coupled with geo-spatial techniques are a way to make streamflow simulations more efficient and reliable for flood-related decision making. Geo-spatial analysis based on more advanced methods and data is a reliable resolution to obtain high-resolution information for hydrological studies at fine spatial scale.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- Canadian Hydrographic Service --- Satellite-Derived Bathymetry --- empirical --- classification --- photogrammetry --- level of confidence --- spatio-temporal GIS --- hydrodynamic model --- spatio-temporal computation framework --- flood risk --- 3D simulation --- watershed division --- Sentinel-2A --- Google Earth Engine (GEE) --- Taihu Basin --- hydrology --- plains area --- RapidEye --- water quality --- red edge --- remote sensing --- flash flood --- PCSWMM --- curve number --- rainfall-runoff model --- HEC-RAS --- Pakistan --- crop water requirement --- reflectance-based crop coefficients --- normalized difference vegetation index --- evapotranspiration --- geo-spatial analysis --- scaling issue --- basin characteristic extraction --- hydrological modelling

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Each year, disasters such as storms, floods, fires, volcanoes, earthquakes, and epidemics cause thousands of casualties and tremendous damage to property around the world, displacing tens of thousands of people from their homes and destroying their livelihoods. The majority of these casualties and property loss could be prevented if better information were available regarding the onset and course of such disasters. Several remote sensing technologies, such as meteorological and Earth observation satellites, communication satellites, and satellite-based positioning, supported by geoinformation technologies, offer the potential to contribute to improved prediction and monitoring of potential hazards, risk mitigation, and disaster management which, in turn, would lead to sharp reductions in losses to life and property. This book explores most of the scientific issues related to spatially supported disaster management and its integration with geographical information system technologies in different disaster examples and scales. Dealing with disasters over space and time represents a long-lasting theme, now approached by means of innovative techniques and modelling approaches. Several priorities for actions are outlined toward preventing new and reduce existing disaster risks, including understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance for management of disaster risk, investing in disaster reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response. This book presents ideas to address the challenges facing different components of spatial patterns related to ecological processes, and the published articles extended versions of selected presentations from the Gi4DM Conference in 2019 in Prague.

mapping impact --- tidal flood --- hydrodynamic model --- solar salt farming --- drone --- computer vision --- point clouds --- machine learning --- CNN --- GAN --- first responder --- RECONASS --- INACHUS --- multi-hazard --- susceptibility mapping --- developing urban settlements --- landslide --- flood --- logistic regression --- Mamdani fuzzy algorithm --- M-AHP --- cartographic symbols --- map symbology --- crisis map --- comparative analysis --- taxonomy --- graphic design --- availability --- promulgation --- sharing --- standardisation --- Black sea --- sea level change --- tide gauge --- satellite altimetry --- GNSS --- post-fire management --- forest regeneration --- fire severity mapping --- multispectral imagery --- Sentinel-2A --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- Parrot SEQUOIA --- climate change --- fuzzy logic --- GIS, household --- Index method --- sea level rise --- vulnerability --- n/a

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Flood/drought, risk management, and policy: decision-making under uncertainty. Hydrometeorological extremes and their impact on human–environment systems. Regional and nonstationary frequency analysis of extreme events. Detection and prediction of hydrometeorological extremes with observational and model-based approaches. Vulnerability and impact assessment for adaptation to climate change.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spatial downscaling --- MODIS chlorophyll-a --- sentinel-2A MSI --- multiple polynomial regression --- genetic programming --- rainfall variability --- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) --- intentional statistical simulation --- satellite-based precipitation --- hydrological modeling --- error propagation --- monsoon-climate watershed --- typhoon-induced rainfall --- prediction --- statistical model --- fuzzy C-means clustering --- China --- remote sensing --- integrated drought monitoring --- meteorological drought --- hydrological drought --- agricultural drought --- Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA) --- statistical simulation --- extreme precipitation index --- PERSIANN-CDR --- KGE --- linear trend --- Huai River Basin --- Indian Ocean Dipole mode --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation --- singular spectrum analysis --- mutual information --- non-stationarity of seasonal precipitation

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The present book contains ten articles illustrating the different possible uses of UAVs and satellite remotely sensed data integration in Geographical Information Systems to model and predict changes in both the natural and the human environment. It illustrates the powerful instruments given by modern geo-statistical methods, modeling, and visualization techniques. These methods are applied to Arctic, tropical and mid-latitude environments, agriculture, forest, wetlands, and aquatic environments, as well as further engineering-related problems. The present Special Issue gives a balanced view of the present state of the field of geoinformatics.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- mosaicking --- urban image --- seamline determination --- deep learning --- D-LinkNet --- climate change --- evergreen plants --- extreme events --- flavonol and chlorophyll sensor (Dualex) --- greenness indices --- mosses --- near-remote sensing active and passive NDVI sensors --- Sentinel-2 --- subarctic vegetation damage --- crop growth --- reflectance saturation --- crop model --- assimilation --- crop growth stage --- method combinations --- sentinel-2A image --- UAV image --- remote sensing --- soil salinity --- Love/Shida numbers --- satellite laser ranging (SLR) --- Yarragadee station --- Mount Stromlo station --- LAGEOS --- STELLA --- STARLETTE satellites --- SLR stations coordinates --- ITRF2014 --- Lake Ladoga --- CMEMS GlobColour CHL-OC5 --- eutrophication --- water quality assessment --- pulp and paper mill --- ecological status --- phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a --- chemical wastewater pollution --- ArcGIS --- big data --- blueberries --- image analysis --- orthomosaics --- segmentation refinement --- UAVs --- HAPS --- UAV --- monitoring --- constrained multiple objective optimization --- temporal hierarchical task planning --- GNSS stations --- tectonic plate motion parameters --- ITRF --- vegetation monitoring --- drivers of deforestation --- Zambezi region --- land degradation --- vegetation cover change --- wildlife management --- TSS-RESTREND --- greening and browning --- MODIS --- Mann–Kendall --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall

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Forest-steppes occupy a wide zone between Eurasian closed canopy forests and open steppes and feature a mosaic of woody and herbaceous vegetation. Due to the occurrence of structurally, compositionally, and environmentally strongly different habitats in close proximity, high spatial heterogeneity is one of the key characteristics of forest-steppe ecosystems. This volume presents ten contributions examining forest-steppe heterogeneity and its effects on environmental factors, plant communities, and animals.

Research & information: general --- carbon cycling --- natural stable isotope abundance --- nitrogen cycling --- soil organic matter --- temperate grassland --- drought tolerance --- forest–steppe ecotone --- hydraulic strategy --- hydraulic trait --- interspecific association --- interspecific relationships --- species co-occurrence --- semiarid forests --- duration curve --- forest steppe --- sensor network --- spatio-temporal microclimate pattern --- temperature–humidity data logger --- vapour pressure deficit --- pollen analysis --- forest belt --- forest-steppe ecotone --- position migration --- moisture change --- shrub encroachment --- spatial pattern --- temperate savanna --- ecosystem degradation --- sandy grasslands --- Danube-Tisza Interfluve --- morphotaxonomy --- abundance --- community composition --- decomposition --- Shannon diversity --- ecosystem service --- Geotrupidae --- grassland --- indicator species --- land use --- Scarabaeidae --- species richness --- arthropod predation --- connectivity --- dummy caterpillar --- ecosystem function --- edge effect --- forest-steppe --- fragment size --- kurgan --- landscape-scale --- seed predation --- Festuca vaginata --- Festuca pseudovaginata --- Festuca wagneri --- ecological values --- pedological analysis --- diversity --- forest-steppes --- sandy grassland --- grazing-mowing --- NDVI --- Sentinel-2A