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With the current state of the art angle sensors are used for the operation of permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric and hybrid vehicles. In the present work, a new concept for sensorless control is proposed. The robust operation could be proven with new and further developed sensorless procedures on the machine test bench. The operating range of sensorless control could be significantly increased with the presented methods.
Hybridfahrzeug --- electrical machine --- geberlose Regelung --- sensorless control --- elektrische Maschine --- control theory --- electrical vehicle --- Elektrofahrzeug --- permanent magnet synchronous machine --- Regelungstechnik --- Permanentmagnet Synchronmaschine
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This book provides extensive information about advanced control techniques in electric drives. Multiple control and estimation methods are studied for position and speed tracking in different drives. Artificial intelligence tools, such as fuzzy logic and neural networks, are used for specific applications using electric drives.
History of engineering & technology --- PMSM drive --- current control --- deadbeat predictive control --- equivalent input disturbance --- BSAII --- Euclidean distance --- energy management --- E-REV --- overhead transmission line --- UAV inspection --- safe distance --- multi-source data fusion --- adaptive threshold --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- second-order sliding mode control --- cascade control --- robustness --- PMSM --- model predictive control --- parameter identification --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- mode transition --- adaptive sliding mode control (A-SMC) --- clutch actuator --- PI observer --- fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) --- indirect vector control --- position control of motor --- induction motor --- sensorless control --- sliding mode observer --- RBFNN-based self-tuning PID controller --- I-f startup strategy --- PMLSM --- position sensorless control --- high-frequency square-wave voltage injection --- FIR filter --- maglev train --- automotive electric powertrain --- rotor position sensor --- resolver --- inductive position sensor --- eddy current position sensor --- Hall sensor --- magnetoresistive position sensor --- Hall sensors --- brushless direct current motor drive system --- power electronics --- industrial application --- integrated electric drive system --- electromechanical coupling --- harmonic torque reduction strategy --- quantized --- nonlinear systems --- time delay --- lyapunov approach --- real-time implementation --- neural fuzzy controller --- I-f control strategy --- fractional order control --- synergetic control --- sliding mode control --- motor drives --- advanced control --- power converters --- estimation --- sensor --- artificial intelligence --- PMSM drive --- current control --- deadbeat predictive control --- equivalent input disturbance --- BSAII --- Euclidean distance --- energy management --- E-REV --- overhead transmission line --- UAV inspection --- safe distance --- multi-source data fusion --- adaptive threshold --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- second-order sliding mode control --- cascade control --- robustness --- PMSM --- model predictive control --- parameter identification --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- mode transition --- adaptive sliding mode control (A-SMC) --- clutch actuator --- PI observer --- fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) --- indirect vector control --- position control of motor --- induction motor --- sensorless control --- sliding mode observer --- RBFNN-based self-tuning PID controller --- I-f startup strategy --- PMLSM --- position sensorless control --- high-frequency square-wave voltage injection --- FIR filter --- maglev train --- automotive electric powertrain --- rotor position sensor --- resolver --- inductive position sensor --- eddy current position sensor --- Hall sensor --- magnetoresistive position sensor --- Hall sensors --- brushless direct current motor drive system --- power electronics --- industrial application --- integrated electric drive system --- electromechanical coupling --- harmonic torque reduction strategy --- quantized --- nonlinear systems --- time delay --- lyapunov approach --- real-time implementation --- neural fuzzy controller --- I-f control strategy --- fractional order control --- synergetic control --- sliding mode control --- motor drives --- advanced control --- power converters --- estimation --- sensor --- artificial intelligence
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Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and the electrification of transports. This book contains the successful submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.
MPC --- predictive current control (PCC) --- fault diagnosis --- modeling --- back electromotive force --- finite-element analysis --- sensorless control --- brushless dc motor --- flying start --- periodic timer interrupt --- digital simulation --- torque control --- saturation --- renewable energy --- finite element method --- sensorless motor --- electric propulsion systems --- electric vehicle --- energy efficiency --- sub-fractional slot-concentrated winding --- stability --- design tools --- brushless machine --- permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) --- electrical signature analysis --- Vernier machine --- multiphase machine --- interior permanent magnet synchronous machines --- automotive applications --- pulse width modulation --- current ripples --- PMSM --- wave power --- outer rotor --- electric vehicle (EV) --- power control --- condition monitoring --- energy conversion --- sliding mode observer (SMO) --- field weakening --- small wind turbines --- interior permanent-magnet machines --- permanent-magnet machine --- free-wheeling period --- brushless DC (BLDC) motor --- speed tracking --- current spikes --- flux switching machine --- Brushless DC motors --- magnetic reluctance network --- winding inductance --- parameter perturbation --- DB-DTFC (deadbeat-direct torque and flux control) --- R-C filter --- phase-advanced method --- motor drives --- PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) --- coils --- predictive maintenance --- cogging torque --- finite element analysis --- permanent magnet material --- vector control --- linear generator --- commutation error compensation --- electrical machine design --- permanent magnet synchronous generator --- wind generator --- mathematical model --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- stator --- bulk electric system --- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) --- synchronous generator
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This book provides extensive information about advanced control techniques in electric drives. Multiple control and estimation methods are studied for position and speed tracking in different drives. Artificial intelligence tools, such as fuzzy logic and neural networks, are used for specific applications using electric drives.
History of engineering & technology --- PMSM drive --- current control --- deadbeat predictive control --- equivalent input disturbance --- BSAII --- Euclidean distance --- energy management --- E-REV --- overhead transmission line --- UAV inspection --- safe distance --- multi-source data fusion --- adaptive threshold --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- second-order sliding mode control --- cascade control --- robustness --- PMSM --- model predictive control --- parameter identification --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- mode transition --- adaptive sliding mode control (A-SMC) --- clutch actuator --- PI observer --- fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) --- indirect vector control --- position control of motor --- induction motor --- sensorless control --- sliding mode observer --- RBFNN-based self-tuning PID controller --- I-f startup strategy --- PMLSM --- position sensorless control --- high-frequency square-wave voltage injection --- FIR filter --- maglev train --- automotive electric powertrain --- rotor position sensor --- resolver --- inductive position sensor --- eddy current position sensor --- Hall sensor --- magnetoresistive position sensor --- Hall sensors --- brushless direct current motor drive system --- power electronics --- industrial application --- integrated electric drive system --- electromechanical coupling --- harmonic torque reduction strategy --- quantized --- nonlinear systems --- time delay --- lyapunov approach --- real-time implementation --- neural fuzzy controller --- I-f control strategy --- fractional order control --- synergetic control --- sliding mode control --- motor drives --- advanced control --- power converters --- estimation --- sensor --- artificial intelligence
Choose an application
This book provides extensive information about advanced control techniques in electric drives. Multiple control and estimation methods are studied for position and speed tracking in different drives. Artificial intelligence tools, such as fuzzy logic and neural networks, are used for specific applications using electric drives.
PMSM drive --- current control --- deadbeat predictive control --- equivalent input disturbance --- BSAII --- Euclidean distance --- energy management --- E-REV --- overhead transmission line --- UAV inspection --- safe distance --- multi-source data fusion --- adaptive threshold --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- second-order sliding mode control --- cascade control --- robustness --- PMSM --- model predictive control --- parameter identification --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- mode transition --- adaptive sliding mode control (A-SMC) --- clutch actuator --- PI observer --- fractional order proportional-integral-differential (FOPID) --- indirect vector control --- position control of motor --- induction motor --- sensorless control --- sliding mode observer --- RBFNN-based self-tuning PID controller --- I-f startup strategy --- PMLSM --- position sensorless control --- high-frequency square-wave voltage injection --- FIR filter --- maglev train --- automotive electric powertrain --- rotor position sensor --- resolver --- inductive position sensor --- eddy current position sensor --- Hall sensor --- magnetoresistive position sensor --- Hall sensors --- brushless direct current motor drive system --- power electronics --- industrial application --- integrated electric drive system --- electromechanical coupling --- harmonic torque reduction strategy --- quantized --- nonlinear systems --- time delay --- lyapunov approach --- real-time implementation --- neural fuzzy controller --- I-f control strategy --- fractional order control --- synergetic control --- sliding mode control --- motor drives --- advanced control --- power converters --- estimation --- sensor --- artificial intelligence
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This Special Issue deals with improvements in the energy efficiency of electric devices, machines, and drives, which are achieved through improvements in the design, modelling, control, and operation of the system. Properly sized and placed coils of a welding transformer can reduce the required iron core size and improve the efficiency of the welding system operation. New structures of the single-phase field excited flux switching machine improve its performance in terms of torque, while having higher back-EMF and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. A properly designed rotor notch reduces the torque ripple and cogging torque of interior permanent magnet motors for the drive platform of electric vehicles, resulting in lower vibrations and noise. In the field of modelling, the torque estimation of a Halbach array surface permanent magnet motor with a non-overlapping winding layout was improved by introducing an analytical two-dimensional subdomain model. A general method for determining the magnetically nonlinear two-axis dynamic models of rotary and linear synchronous reluctance machines and synchronous permanent magnet machines is introduced that considers the effects of slotting, mutual interaction between the slots and permanent magnets, saturation, cross saturation, and end effects. Advanced modern control solutions, such as neural network-based model reference adaptive control, fuzzy control, senseless control, torque/speed tracking control derived from the 3D non-holonomic integrator, including drift terms, maximum torque per ampere, and maximum efficiency characteristics, are applied to improve drive performance and overall system operation.
History of engineering & technology --- interior permanent magnet synchronous motor --- torque ripple --- cogging torque --- electric vehicle --- notch --- mathematical model --- Halbach Array --- surface permanent magnet --- magnetic vector potential --- torque --- in-wheel electric vehicle --- independent 4-wheel drive --- torque distribution --- fuzzy control --- traction control --- active yawrate control --- energy efficiency --- industry --- water circuits --- OpenModelica --- optimisation --- induction motor --- speed estimation --- model reference adaptive system --- kalman filter --- luenberger observer --- flux switching machine --- modular rotor --- non-overlap winding --- magnetic flux analysis --- iron losses --- copper loss --- stress analysis --- finite element method --- magnetic loss --- maximum efficiency (ME) characteristic --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) characteristic --- modeling --- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) --- sensorless control --- synchronous machines --- dynamic models --- nonlinear magnetics --- parameter estimation --- DC-DC converter --- resistance spot welding --- transformer --- efficiency --- dynamic power loss --- design --- induction machines --- nonlinear control --- torque/speed control --- interior permanent magnet synchronous motor --- torque ripple --- cogging torque --- electric vehicle --- notch --- mathematical model --- Halbach Array --- surface permanent magnet --- magnetic vector potential --- torque --- in-wheel electric vehicle --- independent 4-wheel drive --- torque distribution --- fuzzy control --- traction control --- active yawrate control --- energy efficiency --- industry --- water circuits --- OpenModelica --- optimisation --- induction motor --- speed estimation --- model reference adaptive system --- kalman filter --- luenberger observer --- flux switching machine --- modular rotor --- non-overlap winding --- magnetic flux analysis --- iron losses --- copper loss --- stress analysis --- finite element method --- magnetic loss --- maximum efficiency (ME) characteristic --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) characteristic --- modeling --- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) --- sensorless control --- synchronous machines --- dynamic models --- nonlinear magnetics --- parameter estimation --- DC-DC converter --- resistance spot welding --- transformer --- efficiency --- dynamic power loss --- design --- induction machines --- nonlinear control --- torque/speed control
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In the first decades of the current millennium, the contribution of photovoltaic and wind energy systems to power generation capacity has grown extraordinarily all around the world; in some countries, these systems have become two of the most relevant sources to meet the needs of energy supply. This Special Issue deals with all aspects of the development, implementation, and exploitation of systems and installations that operate with both sources of energy.
Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- wind energy conversion system --- distributed control --- battery energy storage system --- consensus algorithm --- photovoltaic --- voltage stability --- grid capacity --- penetration level --- frequency stability --- Egypt’s national grid --- renewable energies --- photovoltaic (PV) --- energy challenge --- policy options --- technological development --- market development --- battery storage --- concentrated solar power (CSP), installed capacity --- solar energy resources --- solar thermal plants --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- maximum power point (MPP) --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- perturbe and observe (P& --- O) --- incremental conductance (IC) --- off-shore wind farms --- wind farm aggregation --- admittance model order reduction --- HVDC diode rectifiers --- grid-forming wind turbines --- efficiency improvement --- photovoltaic inverters --- parallel inverters --- wind turbine emulator --- wind turbine energy systems --- photovoltaics --- two-stage grid-connected PV inverters --- reduced DC-link --- sensorless MPPT --- wind energy conversion system --- distributed control --- battery energy storage system --- consensus algorithm --- photovoltaic --- voltage stability --- grid capacity --- penetration level --- frequency stability --- Egypt’s national grid --- renewable energies --- photovoltaic (PV) --- energy challenge --- policy options --- technological development --- market development --- battery storage --- concentrated solar power (CSP), installed capacity --- solar energy resources --- solar thermal plants --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- maximum power point (MPP) --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- perturbe and observe (P& --- O) --- incremental conductance (IC) --- off-shore wind farms --- wind farm aggregation --- admittance model order reduction --- HVDC diode rectifiers --- grid-forming wind turbines --- efficiency improvement --- photovoltaic inverters --- parallel inverters --- wind turbine emulator --- wind turbine energy systems --- photovoltaics --- two-stage grid-connected PV inverters --- reduced DC-link --- sensorless MPPT
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This Special Issue deals with improvements in the energy efficiency of electric devices, machines, and drives, which are achieved through improvements in the design, modelling, control, and operation of the system. Properly sized and placed coils of a welding transformer can reduce the required iron core size and improve the efficiency of the welding system operation. New structures of the single-phase field excited flux switching machine improve its performance in terms of torque, while having higher back-EMF and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. A properly designed rotor notch reduces the torque ripple and cogging torque of interior permanent magnet motors for the drive platform of electric vehicles, resulting in lower vibrations and noise. In the field of modelling, the torque estimation of a Halbach array surface permanent magnet motor with a non-overlapping winding layout was improved by introducing an analytical two-dimensional subdomain model. A general method for determining the magnetically nonlinear two-axis dynamic models of rotary and linear synchronous reluctance machines and synchronous permanent magnet machines is introduced that considers the effects of slotting, mutual interaction between the slots and permanent magnets, saturation, cross saturation, and end effects. Advanced modern control solutions, such as neural network-based model reference adaptive control, fuzzy control, senseless control, torque/speed tracking control derived from the 3D non-holonomic integrator, including drift terms, maximum torque per ampere, and maximum efficiency characteristics, are applied to improve drive performance and overall system operation.
History of engineering & technology --- interior permanent magnet synchronous motor --- torque ripple --- cogging torque --- electric vehicle --- notch --- mathematical model --- Halbach Array --- surface permanent magnet --- magnetic vector potential --- torque --- in-wheel electric vehicle --- independent 4-wheel drive --- torque distribution --- fuzzy control --- traction control --- active yawrate control --- energy efficiency --- industry --- water circuits --- OpenModelica --- optimisation --- induction motor --- speed estimation --- model reference adaptive system --- kalman filter --- luenberger observer --- flux switching machine --- modular rotor --- non-overlap winding --- magnetic flux analysis --- iron losses --- copper loss --- stress analysis --- finite element method --- magnetic loss --- maximum efficiency (ME) characteristic --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) characteristic --- modeling --- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) --- sensorless control --- synchronous machines --- dynamic models --- nonlinear magnetics --- parameter estimation --- DC-DC converter --- resistance spot welding --- transformer --- efficiency --- dynamic power loss --- design --- induction machines --- nonlinear control --- torque/speed control
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Power converters and electric machines represent essential components in all fields of electrical engineering. In fact, we are heading towards a future where energy will be more and more electrical: electrical vehicles, electrical motors, renewables, storage systems are now widespread. The ongoing energy transition poses new challenges for interfacing and integrating different power systems. The constraints of space, weight, reliability, performance, and autonomy for the electric system have increased the attention of scientific research in order to find more and more appropriate technological solutions. In this context, power converters and electric machines assume a key role in enabling higher performance of electrical power conversion. Consequently, the design and control of power converters and electric machines shall be developed accordingly to the requirements of the specific application, thus leading to more specialized solutions, with the aim of enhancing the reliability, fault tolerance, and flexibility of the next generation power systems.
Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- power systems for renewable energy --- fault-tolerant photovoltaic inverter --- islanding detection --- energy storage system --- DC/AC converter --- voltage-source --- multilevel inverter --- PV systems --- neutral point clamped inverter --- flying capacitor inverter --- cascaded inverter --- renewable energy systems --- ultra-fast chargers --- input-series input-parallel output-series output-parallel multimodule converter --- cross feedback output current sharing --- reflex charging --- digital twin --- doubly-fed induction generator, electrical machines --- finite elements method --- monitoring --- real-time --- wound rotor induction machine --- subsynchronous control interaction --- super-twisting sliding mode --- variable-gain --- doubly fed induction generator --- photovoltaic system --- grid --- sliding mode control --- synergetic control --- fractional-order control --- converter–machine association --- direct drive machine --- Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine --- synchronous generator --- wind energy system for domestic applications --- renewable energy --- adaptive --- fuzzy --- feedback linearization --- photovoltaic (PV) grid inverter --- voltage source inverter (VSI) --- doubly-fed induction generator --- wind power system --- sensorless control --- full order observer --- field oriented control --- grid connected system --- lithium batteries --- los minimization --- Modular Multilevel Converters --- optimization methods
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This Special Issue deals with improvements in the energy efficiency of electric devices, machines, and drives, which are achieved through improvements in the design, modelling, control, and operation of the system. Properly sized and placed coils of a welding transformer can reduce the required iron core size and improve the efficiency of the welding system operation. New structures of the single-phase field excited flux switching machine improve its performance in terms of torque, while having higher back-EMF and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. A properly designed rotor notch reduces the torque ripple and cogging torque of interior permanent magnet motors for the drive platform of electric vehicles, resulting in lower vibrations and noise. In the field of modelling, the torque estimation of a Halbach array surface permanent magnet motor with a non-overlapping winding layout was improved by introducing an analytical two-dimensional subdomain model. A general method for determining the magnetically nonlinear two-axis dynamic models of rotary and linear synchronous reluctance machines and synchronous permanent magnet machines is introduced that considers the effects of slotting, mutual interaction between the slots and permanent magnets, saturation, cross saturation, and end effects. Advanced modern control solutions, such as neural network-based model reference adaptive control, fuzzy control, senseless control, torque/speed tracking control derived from the 3D non-holonomic integrator, including drift terms, maximum torque per ampere, and maximum efficiency characteristics, are applied to improve drive performance and overall system operation.
interior permanent magnet synchronous motor --- torque ripple --- cogging torque --- electric vehicle --- notch --- mathematical model --- Halbach Array --- surface permanent magnet --- magnetic vector potential --- torque --- in-wheel electric vehicle --- independent 4-wheel drive --- torque distribution --- fuzzy control --- traction control --- active yawrate control --- energy efficiency --- industry --- water circuits --- OpenModelica --- optimisation --- induction motor --- speed estimation --- model reference adaptive system --- kalman filter --- luenberger observer --- flux switching machine --- modular rotor --- non-overlap winding --- magnetic flux analysis --- iron losses --- copper loss --- stress analysis --- finite element method --- magnetic loss --- maximum efficiency (ME) characteristic --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) characteristic --- modeling --- permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) --- sensorless control --- synchronous machines --- dynamic models --- nonlinear magnetics --- parameter estimation --- DC-DC converter --- resistance spot welding --- transformer --- efficiency --- dynamic power loss --- design --- induction machines --- nonlinear control --- torque/speed control
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