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The book offers a completely new view of language and of languages such as Russian, Chinese, Bulgarian, Georgian, Danish and English by dividing them into three supertypes on the basis of a step-by-step examination of their relationship to perception and cognition, their representation of situations and their use in oral and written discourse. The dynamic processing of visual stimuli involves three stages: input (experience), intake (understanding) and outcome (a combination). The very choice among three modalities of existence gives a language a certain voice -- either the voice of reality based on situations, the speaker's voice involving experiences or the hearer's voice grounded on information. This makes grammar a prime index: all symbols are static and impotent and need a vehicle, i.e. grammar, which can bring them to the proper point of reference. Language is shown to be a living organism with a determinant category, aspect, mood or tense, which conquers territory from other potential competitors trying to create harmony between verbal and nominal categories. It is demonstrated that the communication processes are different in the three supertypes, although in all three cases the speaker must choose between a public and a private voice before the grammar is put into use.
Semiotics. --- Signs and symbols. --- Communication. --- Logic. --- Psycholinguistics --- Pragmatics --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Communication --- Logic --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Representation, Symbolic --- Semeiotics --- Signs --- Symbolic representation --- Symbols --- Abbreviations --- Omens --- Sign language --- Symbolism --- Visual communication --- Semiology (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Structuralism (Literary analysis) --- Methodology --- Language Typology. --- Pragmatics. --- Semiotics and Communication.
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The book pursues a usage-oriented strategy of language description by infusing it with the central concept of post-structural semiotics and literary theory - that of intertextual memory. Its principal claim is that all new facts of language are grounded in the speakers' memory of previous experiences of using language. It is a "speech to speech" model: every new fact of speech is seen as emerging out of recalled fragments that are reiterated and manipulated at the same time. By the same token, the new meaning is always superscribed on something familiar and recognizable as its (more or less radical) alteration. The model offers a way to describe the meaning of language as an open-ended process, the way the meaning of literary works is described in modern literary criticism. The basic unit of the intertextual model is the Communicative Fragment (CF). A CF is a fraction of speech of any shape, meaning, and stylistic provenance, which speakers recognize and, as a consequence, treat as a whole. Its chief attributes are a prefabricated shape, an integral meaning (i.e., perceived as a whole whose scope always goes beyond the analyzable), and a specific communicative "texture" alluding at a speech genre, a tangible speech situation, and profiles of the speaker and the implied addressee. Although a CF has a recognizable shape, it is not as definitively set as that of stationary linguistic signs (words and morphemes). A CF can be tempered with, truncated or expanded, adapted to and fused with other CFs. The book describes in detail typical devices by which speakers manipulate their resources of linguistic memory, whose ever-new constellations in speech create infinite possibilities for new variations and shades of meaning. The book is of interest to linguists in such diverse fields as Cognitive Linguistics, discourse analysis, functional linguistics, language pedagogy, translation studies, semiotics, and the philosophy of language.
Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- Pragmatics --- Competence and performance (Linguistics) --- Communicative competence. --- Speech acts (Linguistics) --- Memory. --- Intertextuality. --- Compétence et performance (Linguistique) --- Compétence de communication (Linguistique) --- Actes de parole --- Mémoire --- Intertextualité --- Competence and performance (Linguistics). --- Speech acts (Linguistics). --- Communicative competence --- Memory --- Intertextuality --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Compétence et performance (Linguistique) --- Compétence de communication (Linguistique) --- Mémoire --- Intertextualité --- Retention (Psychology) --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Competence, Communicative --- Performance and competence (Linguistics) --- Criticism --- Semiotics --- Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comprehension --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Mnemonics --- Perseveration (Psychology) --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Communication --- Creativity (Linguistics) --- Generative grammar --- Philosophy --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Discourse Analysis. --- Semiotics and Communication.
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