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The founding of the Nobel Prize in 1901 confirmed the internationalisation of science. The workings of the Nobel institution rested on an international community of scientists who forwarded candidates for the prizes. Along with the candidates and eventual prizewinners, they constituted the Nobel population, which in the fields of chemistry and physics between 1901 and 1939 numbered over one thousand scientist renown from twenty-five countries. Crawford uses this Nobel population for prosopographic studies that shed new light on national and international science between 1901 and 1939. Her four studies examine the following problems: the upsurge of nationalism among scientists of warring nations during and after World War I; the existence of a scientific centre and periphery in Central Europe; the élite conception of science in the United States; and the effective use of the Nobel prizes in an organisation whose primary purpose was to further national science.

Sociology of knowledge --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- anno 1800-1999 --- Competition, International --- -Nobel Prizes --- -Science --- -Scientists --- -Professions --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Awards --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- War --- Historiography --- International cooperation --- -History --- -International cooperation --- -Historiography --- Economic aspects --- Nobel Prizes --- Science --- Scientists --- Professional employees --- History --- 19th century --- 20th century --- Nobel prizes --- United States --- Europe --- Competition [International ] --- Science - Historiography. --- Science - International cooperation - History - 19th century. --- Science - International cooperation - History - 20th century. --- Nobel prizes - Historiography. --- Scientists - United States - Historiography. --- Scientists - Europe - Historiography. --- Competition, International - Historiography. --- Historiography. --- International cooperation. --- Natural sciences --- Arts and Humanities