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Science --- Technology --- International cooperation --- Congresses --- Science - International cooperation - Congresses --- Technology - International cooperation - Congresses

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This report has three goals in studying the effectiveness of government-sponsored collaboration: to improve understanding of international collaboration dynamics; to provide tools for policymakers seeking to improve this collaboration; and to co-ordinate with analysts conducting similar studies.

Research. --- Research - United States - International cooperation. --- Science. --- Science - International cooperation. --- Technology. --- Technology - International cooperation. --- Research --- Science --- Technology --- International cooperation --- International cooperation --- International cooperation

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The founding of the Nobel Prize in 1901 confirmed the internationalisation of science. The workings of the Nobel institution rested on an international community of scientists who forwarded candidates for the prizes. Along with the candidates and eventual prizewinners, they constituted the Nobel population, which in the fields of chemistry and physics between 1901 and 1939 numbered over one thousand scientist renown from twenty-five countries. Crawford uses this Nobel population for prosopographic studies that shed new light on national and international science between 1901 and 1939. Her four studies examine the following problems: the upsurge of nationalism among scientists of warring nations during and after World War I; the existence of a scientific centre and periphery in Central Europe; the élite conception of science in the United States; and the effective use of the Nobel prizes in an organisation whose primary purpose was to further national science.

Sociology of knowledge --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- anno 1800-1999 --- Competition, International --- -Nobel Prizes --- -Science --- -Scientists --- -Professions --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Awards --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- War --- Historiography --- International cooperation --- -History --- -International cooperation --- -Historiography --- Economic aspects --- Nobel Prizes --- Science --- Scientists --- Professional employees --- History --- 19th century --- 20th century --- Nobel prizes --- United States --- Europe --- Competition [International ] --- Science - Historiography. --- Science - International cooperation - History - 19th century. --- Science - International cooperation - History - 20th century. --- Nobel prizes - Historiography. --- Scientists - United States - Historiography. --- Scientists - Europe - Historiography. --- Competition, International - Historiography. --- Historiography. --- International cooperation. --- Natural sciences --- Arts and Humanities

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Major societal challenges of a global nature include climate change, efficient energy supply, environmental sustainability, and health care. Science & Technology Policy (S&T) policy is an essential contributor to dealing with these challenges; moreover, international cooperation and collaboration in S&T is vital to tackling these issues, since no single nation or even region is able to respond adequately by itself. Within this context, this book addresses recent developments in transatlantic S&T cooperation between the European Union and the United States. The EU-U.S. relationship dates back to the 1950s, with regular EU-U.S. Summits to assess and develop transatlantic cooperation. In the area of S&T, the EU and U.S. concluded an S&T Cooperation Agreement in 1998, renewed it in 2004, and extended it for another five years in July 2009. The research underlying this study is based on interviews with key stakeholders in the field, with an emphasis on: • potential new opportunities and new mechanisms for increased transatlantic EU – U.S. S&T cooperation under current conditions • examples of coordinated “science diplomacy” efforts • options for the development of effective joint efforts. While the project is focused on European-U.S. relationships, it also addresses issues of international S&T cooperation involving other regions, including Africa and Asia. The author highlights the urgency of S&T cooperation to address global issues, and the evolving roles of government, universities and research centers, and industry, in promoting successful strategies and programs.

Science -- International cooperation -- Congresses. --- Technology -- International cooperation -- Congresses. --- Government - General --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Law, Politics & Government --- Technology - General --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - General --- Technology --- Technology transfer --- International cooperation. --- Management. --- Industrial management. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- R & D/Technology Policy. --- Innovation/Technology Management. --- Economic Policy. --- Technology and international relations --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Business management --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Management --- Business --- Industrial organization