Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The current paper presents a method of deciding the question of whether any given stage in the budget process is an example of the "political" or the "bureaucratic" model. We then use it to study local government spending on education. The basis for our method is the important difference between the effect of intergovernmental aid that is implied by the political budget model and by the bureaucratic budget model. According to the bureaucratic model, the effect of inter-governmental aid on each category of educational input (e.g., teachers' salaries, books, etc.) depends only on the change in total educational spending induced by the aid and not on the type of aid that causes the change in spending. In contrast, the political budget model implies that the overall expenditure increase is the result of separate decisions on each of the expenditure categories and that the changes in these expenditure categories will depend on the form of the intergovernmental aid. Our method of exploiting this difference is presented in detail below.

School budgets. --- Local budgets.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

What is the cost of educating a child? Where is that money spent? Do most of the dollars go to the classroom or is an inordinate amount "wasted" on administration--as some critics claim? This study used data from California to begin addressing these key questions of the education reform debate. The authors detail the educational expenditures made by the California Department of Education, the county offices of education, the district offices of education, and the schools themselves in support of K-12 education in California for the 1992-93 school year. A major finding is that, on average across the state, 62 percent of school district general-fund spending goes to the classroom. In contrast, district operations account for 8 percent of school district general-fund spending, which amounts to 6 percent of K-12 spending. Besides the average expenditure patterns of all school districts in California, the study also looked at differences in these expenditure patterns for different types of school districts for special-needs populations.

Education --- School budgets --- Finance.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

School budgets. --- Budgets, School --- Schools --- Accounting

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

School budgets. --- School-based management --- Finance.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

School management --- Financial management --- Great Britain --- School budgets --- Education --- School management and organization --- Finance --- Education - Finance --- School management and organization - Great Britain --- School budgets - Great Britain