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The recognition of the exceptional chemical and biological properties of vanadium compounds has led, in recent decades, to extensive research exploring their chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Due to the prospective application of vanadium compounds as therapeutic agents against diseases such as diabetes, cancer and those provoked by parasites and bacteria, vanadium coordination chemistry and biochemistry has been an area of extensive research. Currently, the most promising potential uses of vanadium compounds are as nutritional supplements and as anticancer agents potentiated by immunotherapy. Nevertheless, researchers from all over the world are dedicating their efforts to vanadium research related to other potential therapeutic applications of vanadium compounds and to obtain insights into their beneficial effects on health and their modes of action. This Special Issue collected research contributions focused on recent advances in vanadium chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. I expect that this collection will have a great impact on the future direction of vanadium research.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- polyoxometalates --- decavanadate --- cytotoxicity --- insulin-like activity --- diabetes therapy --- vanadium biochemistry --- vanadium speciation --- vanadium --- proteins --- DNA --- fluorescence --- binding constants --- mechanism of action --- oxidovanadium(V) --- vanadium Schiff base coordination complex --- low acute toxicity --- Oxidovanadium(V) --- Schiff base --- X-ray crystallography --- DNA interaction --- 2-aminopyrimidinium --- experimental and theoretical characterization --- DFT --- docking RNA/DNA --- vitamin E --- EPR --- tocopherol --- 51V NMR --- urethane --- aerosol delivery --- lung cancer --- apoptosis --- antineoplastic --- oxidovanadium(IV) phenantrholine chrysin --- vanadium cellular uptake --- anticancer --- albumin interaction --- glycosylated flavonoid --- oxidovanadium(IV) complex --- antitumoral --- antioxidant --- cell signaling --- cancer --- anticancer agents --- n/a

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Life in biological systems is maintained by the cooperative actions of various biomolecules. With the development of chemical and biological technologies related to nucleic acids, the details of the mechanisms of such cooperative actions between nucleic acids and other biomolecules have been elucidated and further applied in various applications. In the papers published in this Special Issue, advanced research works involved in nucleic acid conjugates are reported in wide application fields, such as artificial gene regulation, biomolecular sensing, and therapeutics from leading scientists in nucleic acids chemistry and engineering.

Technology: general issues --- fluorescent probe --- conjugate --- abasic site --- DNA --- microRNA --- RNA binding protein --- PUF --- RNA regulation --- DNA-protein conjugate --- replication initiation protein --- DNA aptamer --- BRET-based biosensor --- oligonucleotide --- crosslink --- nucleic acid binding protein --- cytosine methyltransferase --- mRNA --- poly(A) tail --- artificial viral capsid --- encapsulation --- nanocapsule --- self-assembly --- β-annulus peptide --- peptide-DNA conjugate --- PNA --- invasion --- NLS --- drug delivery system --- anticancer drug --- camptothecin derivative --- irinotecan --- ribonucleopeptide (RNP) --- RNA-peptide conjugate --- Schiff base --- aptamer --- fluorescent sensors --- therapeutic nucleic acid --- drug delivery --- nanoparticles --- cytotoxicity --- macrophages --- cellular uptake --- small interfering RNA --- multiple sclerosis --- repulsive guidance molecule a --- catalytic RNA --- group I ribozyme --- RNA nanostructure --- RNA nanotechnology --- RNA-protein complex --- trans-splicing --- n/a

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Life in biological systems is maintained by the cooperative actions of various biomolecules. With the development of chemical and biological technologies related to nucleic acids, the details of the mechanisms of such cooperative actions between nucleic acids and other biomolecules have been elucidated and further applied in various applications. In the papers published in this Special Issue, advanced research works involved in nucleic acid conjugates are reported in wide application fields, such as artificial gene regulation, biomolecular sensing, and therapeutics from leading scientists in nucleic acids chemistry and engineering.

fluorescent probe --- conjugate --- abasic site --- DNA --- microRNA --- RNA binding protein --- PUF --- RNA regulation --- DNA-protein conjugate --- replication initiation protein --- DNA aptamer --- BRET-based biosensor --- oligonucleotide --- crosslink --- nucleic acid binding protein --- cytosine methyltransferase --- mRNA --- poly(A) tail --- artificial viral capsid --- encapsulation --- nanocapsule --- self-assembly --- β-annulus peptide --- peptide-DNA conjugate --- PNA --- invasion --- NLS --- drug delivery system --- anticancer drug --- camptothecin derivative --- irinotecan --- ribonucleopeptide (RNP) --- RNA-peptide conjugate --- Schiff base --- aptamer --- fluorescent sensors --- therapeutic nucleic acid --- drug delivery --- nanoparticles --- cytotoxicity --- macrophages --- cellular uptake --- small interfering RNA --- multiple sclerosis --- repulsive guidance molecule a --- catalytic RNA --- group I ribozyme --- RNA nanostructure --- RNA nanotechnology --- RNA-protein complex --- trans-splicing --- n/a

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Cell membranes are complex structures able to contain the main elements of the cell and to protect them from the external surroundings, becoming the most fundamental interface in Biology. The main subject of this book is the study of the structure and characteristics of lipid membranes in a wide variety of environments, ranging from simple phospholipid membranes to complex systems including proteins, peptides, or oncogenes as well as the analysis of the interactions of the membrane components with small molecules and drugs. The scope of this book is to provide recent developments on membrane structure, composition and function by means of theoretical and experimental techniques, some of them combining computer simulations with available data obtained at the laboratory.This Special Issue aims to report brand new key contributions to the field and also to give an overview about the connection between experiments and computer simulations, addressing fundamental aspects and applied research in biological membranes, with particular attention paid to the applications of computer modeling and simulation to medicine.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- peptide --- MD --- GUV --- LUV --- azo-amino acid --- KRas-4B --- mutation --- post-translational modification --- HVR --- anionic plasma membrane --- signaling --- cholesterol --- model membranes --- molecular dynamics --- calorimetry --- Schiff base --- imine --- benzimidazole --- 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde --- neutron reflectometry --- X-ray reflectometry --- small-angle neutron scattering --- small-angle X-ray scattering --- molecular dynamics simulations --- scattering length density profile --- phospholipid membrane --- phosphatidylserine --- cancer cells --- MD simulation --- membrane permeability --- withaferin A --- withanone --- CAPE --- artepillin C --- membrane elasticity --- red blood cells --- hemodynamics --- hemorheology --- microfluidics --- benzothiadiazine derivatives --- drug design --- KCNE3 --- structural dynamics --- lipid bilayers --- molecular dynamics simulation --- membrane mimetic --- peptide --- MD --- GUV --- LUV --- azo-amino acid --- KRas-4B --- mutation --- post-translational modification --- HVR --- anionic plasma membrane --- signaling --- cholesterol --- model membranes --- molecular dynamics --- calorimetry --- Schiff base --- imine --- benzimidazole --- 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde --- neutron reflectometry --- X-ray reflectometry --- small-angle neutron scattering --- small-angle X-ray scattering --- molecular dynamics simulations --- scattering length density profile --- phospholipid membrane --- phosphatidylserine --- cancer cells --- MD simulation --- membrane permeability --- withaferin A --- withanone --- CAPE --- artepillin C --- membrane elasticity --- red blood cells --- hemodynamics --- hemorheology --- microfluidics --- benzothiadiazine derivatives --- drug design --- KCNE3 --- structural dynamics --- lipid bilayers --- molecular dynamics simulation --- membrane mimetic

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This book describes the results of both theoretical and experimental research on many topical issues in intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Its great advantage is that the presented research results have been obtained using many different techniques. Therefore, it is an excellent review of these methods, while showing their applicability to the current scientific issues regarding intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The experimental techniques used include X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy (NQR), incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solvatochromic and luminescent studies are also described. On the other hand, theoretical research is based on ab initio calculations and the Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics (CPMD). In the latter case, a description of nuclear quantum effects (NQE) is also possible. This book also demonstrates the use of theoretical methods such as Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Non-Covalent Interactions (NCI) index, Molecular Tailoring Approach (MTA), and many others.

Research & information: general --- intramolecular interaction --- interaction energy --- hydrogen bond --- intramolecular hydrogen bonds --- deuterium isotope effects on chemical shifts --- isotope ratios --- hydrogen bond energies --- intramolecular hydrogen bonding --- high-accuracy extrapolation methods --- QTAIM --- non-covalent interactions --- local vibrational modes --- hydrogen bond (HB) --- intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) --- molecular tailoring approach (MTA) --- fragmentation methods --- bond energy estimation --- noncovalent interactions --- structures and binding energies --- charge-transfer interactions --- spin–spin coupling constants --- polymorphism --- isomerization --- phase transition --- nitro group --- matrix isolation --- IINS --- FT-IR --- Raman --- X-ray --- NQR --- DSC --- DFT --- Schiff base --- N-salicylidene aniline derivative --- photophysical properties --- solvatochromism --- Hirshfeld surface analysis --- amino-alcohols --- α-substitution --- beryllium bonds --- calculated infrared spectra --- interacting quantum atoms --- resonance-assisted hydrogen bond --- Schiff bases --- inelastic incoherent neutron scattering --- isotopic effect --- excited-state intramolecular proton transfer --- photochemistry --- photobiology --- quantum chemistry --- molecular dynamics --- ultrafast processes --- gas phase --- crystalline phase --- MP2 --- CCSD --- AIM --- SAPT --- nuclear quantum effects --- CPMD --- n/a --- spin-spin coupling constants