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Reasoned and based on the difference between discovery and invention, according to the traditional conception, science can be distinguished between basic science and applied science. Nevertheless, we know that the sciences are inseparable. A century or more ago, Louis Pasteur said ""there is no applied science, there are applications of science."" With this assertion, he establishes the logic of complementarity between them. Science certainly goes beyond its own material application and brings us to issues that have intrigued humanity for a long time. During the many years that we have been working with techniques of material characterization, we observed that this complementarity was not always understood by the researchers. In line with the reasoning that the technique joined with science generates technology, the application of techniques that use x-ray and neutron sources seems to us of fundamental importance for the development of technology. In this way, we present in this book how the existing technology of material characterization can contribute to science and applied technology. The authors who contributed with this book sought to show the importance of applying the existing techniques in the development of their works.

Diffraction. --- Small-angle scattering. --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Scattering (Physics) --- Light --- Optics --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Optical Physics --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers

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This book provides a clear, comprehensible and up-to-date description of how Small Angle Scattering (SAS) can help structural biology researchers. SAS is an efficient technique that offers structural information on how biological macromolecules behave in solution. SAS provides distinct and complementary data for integrative structural biology approaches in combination with other widely used probes, such as X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectrometry and Cryo-electron Microscopy. The development of brilliant synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beam lines has increased the number of researchers interested in solution scattering. SAS is especially useful for studying conformational changes in proteins, highly flexible proteins, and intrinsically disordered proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with neutron contrast variation is ideally suited for studying multi-component assemblies as well as membrane proteins that are stabilized in surfactant micelles or vesicles. SAS is also used for studying dynamic processes of protein fibrillation in amyloid diseases, and pharmaceutical drug delivery. The combination with size-exclusion chromatography further increases the range of SAS applications. The book is written by leading experts in solution SAS methodologies. The principles and theoretical background of various SAS techniques are included, along with practical aspects that range from sample preparation to data presentation for publication. Topics covered include techniques for improving data quality and analysis, as well as different scientific applications of SAS. With abundant illustrations and practical tips, we hope the clear explanations of the principles and the reviews on the latest progresses will serve as a guide through all aspects of biological solution SAS. The scope of this book is particularly relevant for structural biology researchers who are new to SAS. Advanced users of the technique will find it helpful for exploring the diversity of solution SAS methods and applications. Chapter 3 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Biotechnology. --- Proteins. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Structure. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Small-angle scattering. --- Small-angle x-ray scattering. --- Scattering, Small-angle x-ray --- X-ray small-angle scattering --- Small-angle scattering --- X-rays --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Scattering (Physics) --- Scattering --- Biochemistry. --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Proteins .

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This book examines the meso- and nanoscopic aspects of fluid adsorption in porous solids using a non-invasive method of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Starting with a brief summary of the basic assumptions and results of the theory of small-angle scattering from porous media, the author focuses on the practical aspects and methodology of the ambient and high pressure SANS and SAXS experiments and corresponding data analysis. It is illustrated with results of studies of the vapor and supercritical fluid adsorption in porous materials published during the last decade, obtained both for man-made materials (e.g. porous fractal silica, Vycor glass, activated carbon) and geological samples (e.g. sandstones, shales, and coal). In order to serve the needs of broad readership, the results are presented in the relevant context (e.g. petroleum exploration, anthropogenic carbon capture and sequestration,  ion adsorption in supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, etc.).

Materials Science --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Fluid dynamics. --- Small-angle scattering. --- Energy storage. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Storage of energy --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Science --- Force and energy --- Power (Mechanics) --- Flywheels --- Pulsed power systems --- Scattering (Physics) --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Spectroscopy. --- Catalysis. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Materials science. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Fossil fuels. --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Analytical chemistry