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The engineering and utilization of biocomposites is a research field of major scientific and industrial interest worldwide. The biocomposite area is extensive and spans from structured and solid biocomposites (e.g., reinforced bioabsorbable polymers), films (e.g., antimicrobial barriers), to soft biocomposites (e.g., use of alginates, collagen and nanocellulose as components in bioinks for 3D bioprinting). Key aspects in this respect are the appropriate engineering and production of biomaterials, nanofibres, bioplastics, their functionalization enabling intelligent and active materials, processes for effective manufacturing of biocomposites and the corresponding characterization for understanding their properties. The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biomaterials and biocomposites, considering also important safety aspects in the production and use of bio- and nanomaterials.

Encapsulation --- 3D Printing --- Surface modification --- Microbiology --- Cellulose --- Biocompatibility --- Scaffolds

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Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume One, provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancements in the application and use of composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chapters focus on specific tissue/organ (mostly on the structure and anatomy), the materials used for treatment, natural composite scaffolds, synthetic composite scaffolds, fabrication techniques, innovative materials and approaches for scaffolds preparation, host response to the scaffolds, challenges and future perspectives, and more. Bringing all the information together in one major reference, the authors systematically review and summarize recent research findings, thus providing an in-depth understanding of scaffold use in different body systems.

Human biochemistry --- Manufacturing technologies --- Tissue scaffolds. --- Tissue engineering. --- Biomedical materials.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Physiology --- Cutaneous wound healing --- Skin Regeneration --- Skin substitutes --- engineered scaffolds --- Cutaneous wound healing --- Skin Regeneration --- Skin substitutes --- engineered scaffolds

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In deze masterproef worden scaffolds gemaakt in het kader van het onderzoek naar micro-extrusion for biomedical parts in opdracht van de CPMT (Centrum voor Polymeer- en Materiaaltechnologie). Deze scaffolds vormen steunstructuren voor het opkweken van slagaderimplantaten en ze worden met behulp van een geavanceerde 3D printer (de BioScaffolder) rond een roterende as gewikkeld. Ze zijn opgebouwd uit polymeren die schadeloos degraderen in het lichaam namelijk poly-caprolactone (PCL) en in een later fase blends van PCL met polyethyleenoxide (PEO).Om een goede inplanting van de scaffolds in het lichaam mogelijk te maken is het van essentieel belang dat de stijfheid van deze scaffolds nagenoeg gelijk is aan deze van zijn natuurlijke tegenhangers. Dit is noodzakelijk om de elastische bewegingen van de natuurlijke slagader te kunnen volgen. In deze masterproef werd het verband in kaart gebracht tussen de belangrijkste machineparameters en de stijfheid van het uiteindelijke buisje. De twee belangrijkste parameters zijn de feed (de snelheid waarmee de extrusiekop zich volgens de lengterichting van de as beweegt) en de rotatiesnelheid van de as.Uit de resultaten volgde een omgekeerd evenredig en nagenoeg lineair verband tussen de feed en de stijfheid en wordt het verband tussen de rotatiesnelheid van de as en de stijfheid gekenmerkt door een stijgende lineaire tweedegraads vergelijking. Deze conclusies zorgen ervoor dat de machineparameters en bijgevolg de geometrie van iedere scaffold kan aangepast worden aan de gewenste stijfheid. In this thesis research has been done in the context of micro-extrusion for biomedical parts in collaboration with the CPMT (centre for polymer en material technology) research group. The goal was to make scaffolds that are support structures for cultivating artery implants. They were wound around an rotating axis using an advanced 3D printer (BioScaffolder). The scaffolds are made up of polymers that degrade in the body without negative effects, the main polymer used is poly-caprolactone (PCL) and afterwards blends were used with a combination of PCL and poly-ethyleen-oxide (PEO).In order to be able to implant the scaffold successfully inside the body, it is essential that the rigidity of these scaffolds is sufficiently close to that of its natural counterparts. This is necessary in order to comply with the elastic movements of the natural arteries. In this thesis relations between the main machine parameters and the stiffness of the final tube were defined. The two most important parameters are the feed (the speed at which the extrusion head is moving in the longitudinal direction of the axis) and the rotation speed of the axis.The results show an inverse lineair relation between the feed and the rigidity, while the relation between the rotation speed and the rigidity is described by a quadratic equation. These findings show that the machine parameters and therefore the geometry of each scaffold can be adjusted to the desired stiffness.

E-modulus. --- Kunststoffen - polymers. --- PCL. --- Scaffolds. --- Sterkteleer - strength of materials. --- Wikkelhoek.

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Sequential and reciprocal interactions between oral epithelial and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells give rise to the teeth and periodontium. Teeth are vital organs containing a rich number of blood vessels and nerve fibers within the dental pulp and periodontium. Teeth are composed by unique and specific collagenous (dentin, fibrillar cementum) and non-collagenous (enamel) highly mineralized extracellular matrices. Alveolar bone is another collagenous hard tissue that supports tooth stability and function through its close interaction with the periodontal ligament. Dental hard tissues are often damaged after infection or traumatic injuries that lead to the partial or complete destruction of the functional dental and supportive tissues. Well-established protocols are routinely used in dental clinics for the restoration or replacement of the damaged tooth and alveolar bone areas. Recent progress in the fields of cell biology, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology offers promising opportunities to repair damaged or missing dental tissues. Indeed, pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration is progressing rapidly with the application of stem cells, biodegradable scaffolds, and growth factors. Furthermore, methods that enable partial dental hard tissue repair and regeneration are being evaluated with variable degrees of success. However, these cell-based therapies are still incipient and many issues need to be addressed before any clinical application. The understanding of tooth and periodontal tissues formation would be beneficial for improving regenerative attempts in dental clinics. In the present e-book we have covered the various aspects dealing with dental and periodontal tissues physiology and regeneration in 6 chapters: 1. General principles on the use of stem cells for regenerating craniofacial and dental tissues 2. The roles of nerves, vessels and stem cell niches in tissue regeneration 3. Dental pulp regeneration and mechanisms of various odontoblast functions 4. Dental root and periodontal physiology, pathology and regeneration 5. Physiology and regeneration of the bone using various scaffolds and stem cell populations 6. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of enamel using dental epithelial stem cells

Stem Cells --- vasculature --- Regenerative dentistry --- scaffolds --- Periodontium --- enamel --- Tooth --- innervation --- Dental Pulp --- Tissue Engineering