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Sassanids --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Court records --- Manuscripts, Persian --- Inscriptions, Persian --- Pahlavi language --- Māzandarān (Iran) --- Iran --- Antiquities --- History --- Sassanids. --- Manuscripts, Persian. --- Inscriptions, Persian. --- Antiquities. --- Court records. --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Pahlavi language. --- Rechtsquelle. --- Sassaniden. --- To 640. --- Iran. --- Tabaristan. --- Māzandarān (province). --- Sasanian Empire (former nation/state/empire). --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Iran - Māzandarān --- Court records - Iran - Māzandarān --- Pahlavi language - Texts --- Māzandarān (Iran) - Archives --- Māzandarān (Iran) - Antiquities --- Iran - History - To 640

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Palmyra – in the Roman imperial period, the marvel of the Syrian Desert was situated at the crossroads of the intercontinental long-distance trade, in a political and cultural twilight between the East and the West: inter duo imperia, "between the two empires", according to Pliny the Elder. How accurate is Pliny's description of the oasis of Tadmur? How strongly was Roman influence felt in the city of Bēl – and how did it develop over the centuries? What was the significance of trade? And how did the close interaction between sedentary and nomadic populations shape society in the oasis? The authors revisit the textual and material evidence on and from Palmyra in the light of recent research, spanning five centuries of Near Eastern history.

E-books --- Tadmur (Syria) --- History. --- Economic conditions. --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities --- Außenhandel --- Geschichte 31 v. Chr.-476 --- Palmyra --- Römisches Reich --- (Produktform)Electronic book text --- Archäologie --- Elite --- Fernhandeln --- Institutionen --- Kulturgeschichte --- Nomaden --- Partherreich --- Parthian Empire --- Roman Empire --- Roman imperial period --- Sasanian Empire --- Sasaniden --- Stadtgeschichte --- Stammesgesellschaft --- Syria --- Syrian civil war --- Syrien --- archaeology --- cultural history --- elite --- institutions --- long-distance trade --- nomads --- römische Kaiserzeit --- syrischer Bürgerkrieg --- tribal society --- urban history --- (VLB-WN)9553 --- Auswärtiger Handel --- Internationaler Handel --- Handelsbeziehung --- Handelsbeziehungen --- Außenwirtschaft --- Handel --- Imperium Romanum --- Reich Rom --- Italien --- Antike --- Römerzeit --- Römer --- v753-500 --- Tudmur --- Tadmor --- Tadmur --- Tadmūr --- Tadmōr --- Geschichte 753 v. Chr.-500 --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Syria - Tadmur --- Tadmur (Syria) - Antiquities

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In this bold approach to late antiquity, Garth Fowden shows how, from the second-century peak of Rome's prosperity to the ninth-century onset of the Islamic Empire's decline, powerful beliefs in One God were used to justify and strengthen "world empires." But tensions between orthodoxy and heresy that were inherent in monotheism broke the unitary empires of Byzantium and Baghdad into the looser, more pluralistic commonwealths of Eastern Christendom and Islam. With rare breadth of vision, Fowden traces this transition from empire to commonwealth, and in the process exposes the sources of major cultural contours that still play a determining role in Europe and southwest Asia.

Religion and civilization. --- Monotheism. --- Religion et civilisation --- Monothéisme --- Byzantine Empire --- Islamic Empire --- Rome --- Empire byzantin --- Empire islamique --- Civilization. --- Civilization --- Christian influences. --- Civilisation --- Influence chrétienne --- Rome (Italy) --- Monotheism --- Religion and civilization --- Civilization and religion --- God --- Pantheism --- Polytheism --- Religion --- Theism --- Trinity --- -Civilization --- -Rome --- Arab countries --- Arab Empire --- Empire, Islamic --- Middle East --- Muslim Empire --- -Christian influences. --- History --- Monothéisme --- Influence chrétienne --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Cywilizacja islamska --- Religia i kultura. --- Monoteizm. --- Rzym (państwo) --- Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo --- cywilizacja. --- Abbasids. --- Arabia, southern. --- Baghdad. --- Buddhism. --- Caliphate. --- Cappadocia. --- Diocletian, Roman emperor. --- Edessa. --- Ethiopia. --- Ghassanid Arabs. --- Goths. --- Himyar. --- Iberia (Eastern Georgia). --- Indian Ocean. --- Islamic Empire. --- Jerusalem. --- Julian, Roman emperor. --- Kebra Nagast. --- Khusrau I, Sasanian emperor. --- Manichaeism. --- Mazdaism. --- Najran. --- Nestorianism. --- Ottomans. --- Romano-Iranian relations. --- Sasanian Empire. --- Spain. --- Umayyads. --- Zarathushtra. --- commonwealth. --- polytheism. --- Paganisme et christianisme

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Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography” sets out to be the first extensive collection of data on royal iconography from the Middles Ages (476–1492). In particular, it aims to collect entries about the most important rulers or dynasties that reigned during this period, from the Iberian Peninsula to Levant and from the Scandinavian Peninsula to the Mediterranean Sea. Specifically, “Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography” focuses on royal official images (namely, those representations that were commissioned at the behest of the ruler) and analyses them not only from an iconographic (namely, ‘static’) point of view but also as parts of a more general political communicative strategy (namely, in a ‘dynamic’ way) in order to better clarify their social functions and, consequently, their iconographic meanings. Thanks to this approach, “Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography” aims to offer a substantial overview on matters of medieval regal iconography and to be a useful tool for scholars who use royal images for their research.

Biography & True Stories --- Early history: c 500 to c 1450/1500 --- royal images --- royal iconography --- kings of Sicily --- Norman dynasty --- William II of Hauteville --- Aragonese dynasty --- Frederick III of Aragon --- Swabian dynasty --- Frederick II of Hohenstaufen --- kings of Naples --- Angevin dynasty --- Robert of Anjou --- kings of Aragon --- Crown of Aragon --- Peter IV of Aragon --- Alphonse II of Aragon --- crown of Aragon --- Fernando II of Aragon --- James I of Aragon --- Kingdom of Sicily --- Naples --- Joanna of Anjou --- dynastic celebration --- Helen of Anjou --- Nemanide dynasty --- Sopoćani Monastery --- Gradac Monastery --- Queen Helen’s seal --- Vatican icon --- Gračanica Monastery --- King Milutin --- Serbian medieval kingdom --- King’s Church Studenica --- Monastery of Staro Nagorčino --- Monastery of Gračanica --- Nemanide’s Genealogical Tree --- king of Castile and Leon --- Henry II of Castile --- kings of Poland --- rulers of Lithuania --- Jagiellonian dynasty --- Ladislaus II Jagiełło --- Byzantium --- Komnenos --- John II Komnenos --- royal image --- Sasanian Empire --- Khosrow II --- rock relief --- coinage --- Louis XI --- liturgical objects --- Valois kings --- Capetian dynasty --- Order of Saint Michael --- Kingdom of Georgia --- Bagrationi dynasty --- Queen T’amar of Georgia --- legitimacy --- Byzantine imperial costume --- gender studies

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"This third edition of Ira M. Lapidus's classic A History of Islamic Societies has been substantially revised to incorporate the insights of new scholarship and updated to include historical developments in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Lapidus's history explores the beginnings and transformations of Islamic civilizations in the Middle East and details Islam's worldwide diffusion to Africa, Spain, Turkey and the Balkans, Central, South and Southeast Asia, and North America, situating Islamic societies within their global, political, and economic contexts. It accounts for the impact of European imperialism on Islamic societies and traces the development of the modern national state system and the simultaneous Islamic revival from the early nineteenth century to the present. This book is essential for readers seeking to understand Muslim peoples."--Publisher information.

Islam --- History --- Islamic countries --- History. --- 905.1 --- 217 --- godsdienst --- geschiedenis --- cultuurgeschiedenis - algemeen --- islam --- World history --- Arab states --- history of Islamic societies --- Islamic civilizations --- The Middle East --- Middle Eastern societies before Islam --- Persian empires --- the Roman Empire --- the Sasanian Empire --- religion and society --- religions and empires --- marriage --- divorce --- sexual morality --- property and inheritance --- seclusion and veiling --- the preaching of Islam --- Arabia --- clans and kingdoms --- Mecca --- language --- the gods --- Muhammad --- state formation --- the Quran --- the Judeo-Christian heritage --- the Arabian heritage --- community and politics --- the Umma of Islam --- the Arab-Muslim imperium --- the Arab-Muslim empires --- the Arab-Muslim conquests --- economic and social change --- Iraq --- Syria and Mesopotamia --- poetry --- Egypt --- Iran --- conversions to Islam --- Arabic --- Middle Eastern languages --- the caliphate to 750 --- the Umayyad monarchy --- the Marwanids --- the 'Abbasids --- the 'Abbasid Empire --- Baghdad --- cosmopolitan Islam --- the Islam of the imperial elite --- religion and identity --- the ideology of imperial Islam --- Islam and iconoclasm --- the caliphate and Islam --- inquisition --- the Arabic humanities --- Persian literature --- Hellenistic literature --- philosophy --- urban Islam --- the Islam of scholars and holy men --- Sunni Islam --- the veneration of the Prophet --- early Muslim theology --- Ash'arism --- scripturalism --- hadith --- tradition and law --- asceticism and mysticism --- Sufism --- Shi'i Islam --- Isma'ili Shi'ism --- Muslim urban societies --- women and family --- non-Muslim minorities --- the early Islamic era --- Islamic legislation for non-Muslims --- Christians and Christianity --- Christian literature in Arabic --- Crusades --- the Egyptian Copts --- Christians in North Africa --- Jews and Judaism --- Egyptian and North African Jews --- the Gheniza era --- the yeshivas and rabbinic Judaism --- the nagid --- Jewish culture in the Islamic context --- continuity and change in the historic cultures of the Middle East --- religion and empire --- the post-'Abbasid Middle Eastern state system --- the Saljuq Empire --- the Mongols --- the Timurids --- Fatimid Egypt --- the Mamluk empire --- the iqta' system and Middle Eastern feudalism --- royal women --- women of urban notable families --- working women and popular culture --- jurisprudence and courts --- Islamic institutions --- mass Islamic society --- Muslim religious movements and the State --- the personal ethic --- normative Islam --- Al-Ghazali --- alternative Islam --- gnostic and popular Sufism --- Islamic philosophy and theosophy --- Ibn al-'Arabi --- the veneration of Saints --- imperial Islamic society --- the limits of worldy life --- state and religion in the Medieval Islamic paradigm --- the global expansion of Islam --- Turkish conquests and conversions --- Anatolia --- the Balkans --- Inner Asia --- India --- Southeast Asia --- sub-Saharan Africa --- Muslim elites --- the reform movement --- Islamic North Africa --- the Zirid empires --- the Banu Hilal --- the Almoravids --- the Almohads --- Islamic religious communities --- Spanish-Islamic civilization --- Hispano-Arabic society --- Hispano-Arabic culture --- the Reconquista --- Muslims under Christian rule --- Judaism in Spain --- Arabic culture --- Hebrew culture --- Latin culture --- convivencia --- the expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal --- Jews in North Africa --- the expulsion of Muslims --- Tunisia --- Algeria --- Morocco --- the Marinid and Sa'dian states --- the 'Alawi dynasty --- states and Islam --- Islam in Asia --- the Turkish migrations --- the Ottoman empire --- Turkish-Islamic states in Anatolia --- ghazi state --- the Ottoman world empire --- the janissaries --- Ottoman law --- royal authority --- cultural legitimization --- Ottoman identity --- the Ottoman economy --- Jews and Christians in the Ottoman Empire --- Greek Orthodox and Armenian Christians --- Coptic Christians --- Christians in the Ottoman Near East --- the Ottoman legal system and the family --- freedom and slavery --- family and sexuality --- the postclassical Ottoman empire --- decentralization --- commercialization --- incorporation --- new political institutions --- the Arab provinces under Ottoman rule --- the Safavid Empire --- the reign of Shah 'Abbas --- the conversion of Iran to Shi'ism --- state and religion in the late Safavid Iran --- the dissolution of the Safavid Empire --- the Delhi sultanates --- the Mughal Empire --- the varieties of Indian Islam --- Indian culture --- Aurangzeb --- the international economy and the British Indian Empire --- the Mongol conquests --- Turkestan --- Transoxania --- Khwarizm --- Farghana --- Eastern Turkestan --- China --- Islamic societies in Southeast Asia --- Pre-Islamic Southeast Asia --- Java --- the 'ulama --- the crisis of imperialism and Islam on Java --- Aceh --- Malaya --- Minangkabau --- Islam in Africa --- colonialism --- Islam in Sudanic Africa --- Islam in savannah Africa --- Islam in forest West Africa --- the kingdoms of the Western Sudan --- Mali --- Songhay --- the central Sudan --- Kanem --- Bornu --- Hausaland --- non-state Muslim communities in West Africa --- Zawaya lineages --- the Kunta --- missionaries --- Senegambia --- the West African jihads --- the Senegambian jihads --- 'Uthman don Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate --- the jihad of al-Hajj 'Umar --- jihad and conversion --- Islam in East Africa and the European colonial empires --- Darfur --- Swahili Islam --- Ethiopia --- Somalia --- Central Africa --- colonialism and the defeat of Muslim expansion --- the Muslim world --- The Mediterranean --- the Indian Ocean --- the rise of Europe and the world economy --- European trade --- naval power --- European imperialism --- modernity --- the transformation of Islamic societies --- Islamic reformism --- Islamic modernism --- nationalism --- the contemporary Islamic revival --- nationalism and Islam in the Middle East --- the modernization of Turkey --- the partition of the Ottoman Empire --- Ottoman reform --- World War I --- Republican Turkey --- the Turkish Republic under Ataturk --- the post-World War II Turkish Republic --- Islam in Turkish politics --- the AKP --- Qajar Iran --- the Pahlavi era --- revolution --- the Islamic Republic --- secularism and Islamic modernity --- British colonial rule --- the Nasser era --- Sadat and Mubarak --- secular opposition movements --- the Arab East --- Arabism --- military states --- the rise of Arab nationalism --- Arabism and Arab states in the colonial period --- Lebanon --- Transjordan and Jordan --- the Palestinian movement and the struggle for Palestine --- Zionism --- the Palestinian movement and Israel --- the Arabian peninsula --- Yemen --- union of the two Yemens --- Saudi Arabia --- political and religious opposition --- foreign policy --- the Gulf States --- Oman --- Kuwait --- Bahrain --- Qatar --- United Arab Emirates --- France --- Algerian resistance --- the Algerian revolution --- independent Algeria --- independent Tunisia --- independent Morocco --- Libya --- Islam in state ideologies and opposition movements --- women in the Middle East --- changes in family law --- women's secular education --- labor and social and political activism --- Post-World War II Arab states --- Islamism and feminism --- Islam and secularism in Central and Southern Asia --- Russia --- the Caucasus --- Tsarist rule --- the jadid movement --- the formation of the Soviet Union --- Soviet modernization --- Post-Soviet Russia --- Azarbayjan --- the Muslims of China --- the Indian subcontinent --- Pakistan --- Afghanistan --- Bangladesh --- the partition of the Indian subcontinent --- Muslim militance --- Plassey --- the Pakistan movement --- the Muslims of post-Partition India --- Indonesia --- Malaysia --- the Philippines --- Dutch rule and economic development in the Indies --- Southeast Asian responses to Dutch rule --- Islamic traditionalism --- the priyayi --- the merchant elites --- Islamic and secular nationalist political parties --- the Indonesian Republic --- Sukarno --- a secular Indonesia --- the Suharto regime --- Indonesian Islam --- British Malaysia and independent Malaysia --- the Malaysian state and Islam in a multiethnic society --- Mauritania --- Senegal --- Nigeria --- military rule --- civil war --- Eritrea --- Swahili East Africa --- Zanzibar --- Tanzania --- Kenya --- Uganda --- universal Islam and African diversity --- Islam in the West --- the United States --- American converts --- Muslim identity issues in the United States --- Canada --- Eastern Europe --- Bosnia and Yugoslavia --- Albania --- Bulgaria --- Western Europe --- immigrant identities in Europe --- immigrant status --- Britain --- Germany --- Sweden --- Netherlands --- the anti-immigrant reaction --- secularized Islam --- Islamic revival --- pre-modern Islamic societies --- religious revival --- transnational Islam --- Islamism and political action --- the relations between states and Islamic societies --- Islamic and neo-Islamic states --- secularized states with Islamic identities --- secularized states and Islamic opposition --- Islamic national societies in Southeast Asia --- Muslims as political minorities