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In 1800 Napoleon Bonaparte sought to impose an absolute political authority as First Consul for life, and emperor in 1804. A network of women authors connected with Germaine de Staël in Paris, Coppet, Berlin, and Florence maintained salons and addressed political conflicts in their novels, correspondence and theory. Nationalist histories, also written by salon members, reinforced their unified political agenda by emphasizing the heroic acts that guaranteed national freedom. Semiotics became the primary means of political propaganda and persuasion in the absence of legislative debate and women'

European literature -- Women authors -- History and criticism. --- Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821 -- In literature. --- Nationalism and literature -- Europe -- History -- 18th century. --- Nationalism and literature -- Europe -- History -- 19th century. --- Salons -- Europe -- History. --- Staël, Madame de (Anne-Louise-Germaine), 1766-1817 -- Criticism and interpretation. --- Women -- Europe -- Intellectual life -- 18th century. --- Women -- Europe -- Intellectual life -- 19th century. --- Women and literature -- Europe -- History -- 18th century. --- Women and literature -- Europe -- History -- 19th century. --- European literature --- Women and literature --- Salons --- Women --- Nationalism and literature --- Languages & Literatures --- Literature - General --- Literature and nationalism --- Literature --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- French salons --- Intellectual life --- Manners and customs --- History and criticism --- Women authors --- History --- Napoleon --- Staël, Madame de --- In literature. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Napoléon --- Bonaparte, Napoléon --- Bonapart, Napoleon, --- Bonāpārṭa, Nepoliyana --- Bonaparte, Napoleão --- Bonaparte, Napoleon --- Bonaparte, Napoleone --- Bonaparṭeh, Napolyon, --- Buonaparte, Napoleon --- Na-pʻo-lun --- Nābuliyūn, --- Napoleone --- Napʻolleong, --- Napolun --- נפוליאון --- נפוליאון, --- نابليون --- بونابرت، نابليون، --- Būnābart, Nābuliyūn,