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The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) are small ruminant species widely distributed throughout the world. They were among the first animals to be domesticated. Owing to their small stature and versatility, sheep and goats still are one of the most important food source in many arid regions. Traditionally, autochthonous breeds with a strong milk production seasonality were reared in extensive production systems, on a smallholder farming basis. The huge number and variety of their dairy products reflect the different cultures and traditions of vast areas of the world. However, today the traditional ovine and caprine dairy production chain, from farmers to exporters, is facing the challenges of innovation, sustainability, safety, and productivity, while at the same time protecting each product’s individual characteristics. This Special Issue is dedicated to the field of ovine and caprine dairy production with ground-breaking perspectives and approaches, from physical-chemistry studies on milk and dairy, to new feeding strategies, herd management, nutritional quality, animal welfare, sustainability, and omics studies.

GC-MS --- metabolomics --- feeding systems --- sheep dietary supplement --- ovine milk --- cheese safety --- foodborne pathogens --- sheep milk --- Listeria monocytogenes --- Salmonella spp. --- Escherichia coli O157:H7 --- Staphylococcus aureus --- raw milk --- thermization --- sheep and goat milk --- cheese --- odd and branched chain fatty acids --- mass spectrometry --- animals management --- thyroid hormone metabolism --- ubiquinol-10 biosynthesis --- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) --- image analysis --- Fiore Sardo --- microstructure --- dairy chemistry --- thermised milk --- protected designation of origin --- Lactobacillus --- antifungal activity --- fresh cheese --- biopreservation --- n/a

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The alleged responsibility of meats and processed meat products for some of our population’s major health issues has created an opportunity for the promotion of meat analogs. This emerging competition forces the need for changes in livestock production systems for improving nutritive value and obtaining healthier and safer meat products. The morbidity and mortality attributed to Salmonella and other pathogens remain a public health issue. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing intervention technologies to control such pathogens. Beef is packaged with an array of healthy nutrients and is the highest valued livestock product. However, staples (e.g., pork, poultry) and some co-products can also be nutrient dense and/or provide a unique sensory experience with advantageous technological quality. Carcass yield is a major determinant of livestock value. Hence, objective technologies are strongly needed to effectively segregate the heterogeneous supply of carcasses into homogeneous groups in yield of cuts. Not all meats are created equal, and differences in their intrinsic characteristics may be expected when they are produced in different regions and under diverse production schemes. Nevertheless, reports aiming to characterize meats originated from different zones (e.g., tropical latitudes) are scarce. This Special Issue of Foods, “Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization, Grading, Processing, and Safety for Different Types of Meat Sources”, comprising fourteen peer-reviewed papers, is now being released as a book that will serve as an invaluable reference in addressing the current dearth of knowledge regarding the aforementioned topics, and is also envisaged to serve in updating food scientists and stakeholders of the meat value chain globally.

chicken fat by-products --- unsaturated fatty acids --- colour properties --- lipid profile --- beef --- lamb --- pork --- trace elements --- micronutrients --- fatty acids --- genomics --- heritability --- Campylobacter jejuni --- antimicrobials --- decontamination --- poultry --- chicken wings --- application method --- indicator bacteria --- chlorine dioxide --- rhamnolipids --- 1,3-Dibromo-5.5-dimethyl hydantoin --- interventions --- barley --- corn --- blend --- eating quality --- volatile compounds --- Salmonella spp. --- E. coli --- pathogen surrogates --- ozone intervention --- beef trim --- tropical --- meat quality --- nutrient --- composition --- beef primals --- computer vision system --- dual energy X-ray absorptiometry --- mature cows --- rib-eye camera --- whole-side camera --- lactic acid --- UV-C --- Listeria monocytogenes --- LAB --- response surface methodology --- longissimus dorsii lumborum --- multivariate analyses --- proximate composition --- fatty acid profile --- mineral content --- carcass traits --- tropical beef cattle --- refrigerated meat shelf life --- microbial indicators --- vacuum packaging --- carcass chilling --- hot water intervention --- Salmonella --- chicken --- microbial intervention --- food-contact surfaces --- Pirenaica --- Protected Geographical Indication --- Ternera de Navarra --- Certified Angus Beef --- country of origin --- USDA standard --- sensory profile --- pig --- seaweed --- pork quality --- minerals --- proximal composition --- Macrocystis pyrifera --- n/a

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

anaerobic digestion --- solid digestate --- milling process --- sugars recovery --- energy balances --- bioethanol production --- biogas upgrading --- biomethane --- bio-succinic acid --- CO2 utilization --- feasibility assessment --- acetate --- lactate --- inoculum --- food waste --- sewage sludge --- lactic acid bacteria --- cattle manure --- steam explosion --- pre-treatment --- UASB --- co-digestion --- biogas --- high-rate anaerobic digestion --- energy recovery --- granular sludge --- renewable energy --- decentralized wastewater treatment --- two-stage anaerobic digestion --- Anammox --- enzyme application --- rheology of digestate --- methane --- aquaculture --- trout --- sludge --- wastewater --- drum sieve --- microfiltration --- settling --- waste-to-energy --- wet waste --- bioenergy --- techno-economic analysis --- ammonia inhibition --- chicken manure --- dairy cow manure --- high-solids anaerobic digestion --- inoculum adaptation --- volatile fatty acids --- dry batch anaerobic digestion --- percolation --- permeability --- Salmonella spp. --- Escherichia coli O157 --- Listeria monocytogenes --- Enterococcus faecalis --- Clostridium spp. --- digestate --- pathogens --- sustainable farming --- anaerobic digester --- antibiotics removal --- antimicrobial --- chlortetracycline --- Tylosin --- n/a

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- anaerobic digestion --- solid digestate --- milling process --- sugars recovery --- energy balances --- bioethanol production --- biogas upgrading --- biomethane --- bio-succinic acid --- CO2 utilization --- feasibility assessment --- acetate --- lactate --- inoculum --- food waste --- sewage sludge --- lactic acid bacteria --- cattle manure --- steam explosion --- pre-treatment --- UASB --- co-digestion --- biogas --- high-rate anaerobic digestion --- energy recovery --- granular sludge --- renewable energy --- decentralized wastewater treatment --- two-stage anaerobic digestion --- Anammox --- enzyme application --- rheology of digestate --- methane --- aquaculture --- trout --- sludge --- wastewater --- drum sieve --- microfiltration --- settling --- waste-to-energy --- wet waste --- bioenergy --- techno-economic analysis --- ammonia inhibition --- chicken manure --- dairy cow manure --- high-solids anaerobic digestion --- inoculum adaptation --- volatile fatty acids --- dry batch anaerobic digestion --- percolation --- permeability --- Salmonella spp. --- Escherichia coli O157 --- Listeria monocytogenes --- Enterococcus faecalis --- Clostridium spp. --- digestate --- pathogens --- sustainable farming --- anaerobic digester --- antibiotics removal --- antimicrobial --- chlortetracycline --- Tylosin

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There is an increased need to design circular economy models to make our food system more sustainable. This book brings together a review, a short communication, and several research articles showcasing a range of circular economy initiatives: some that valorise and characterise by-products using different technologies, others that apply by-products to new upcycled food products, and finishing with one article investigating consumer attitudes towards a food that comes from a circular economy initiative. This book highlights the diversity of expertise needed to valorise by-products from farm to fork and presents different by-products, technologies, and potential applications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- meat byproducts --- porcine heart --- protein extraction --- response surface methodology --- technofunctional properties --- bioethanol co-products --- post-fermentation corn oil --- distiller’s corn oil --- thin stillage --- by-products --- valorization --- bioactive molecules --- phytosterols --- squalene --- tocopherols --- tocotrienols --- tocols --- carotenoids --- rice bran --- stabilization --- antioxidants --- functional properties --- bioactives --- anti-nutritional components --- solid state fermentation --- antioxidant activity --- bioactive compounds --- Aspergillus oryzae --- HPLC --- total phenolic content --- reducing power assay --- biorefinery --- olive-derived biomass --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- animal welfare --- circular economy --- consumer acceptance --- consumer attitudes --- food waste --- insects as feed --- Nvivo --- poultry --- qualitative study --- sustainability --- muffins --- by-product --- valorisation --- sunflower flour --- amino acid profile --- mineral content --- fibre content --- FRAP --- PCL assay --- functional ovine cheese --- grape pomace powder --- Lactococcus lactis --- physicochemical properties --- polyphenols --- volatile organic compounds --- antioxidant properties --- defatted seeds of Oenothera biennis --- α-glucosidase --- aldose reductase --- antioxidant --- nutrients --- purple corn cob --- anthocyanins --- Arabic gum --- accelerated stress protocol --- forced degradation --- moisture-modified Arrhenius equation --- mango by-products --- fortification --- value addition --- in vitro digestion --- maize porridge --- vegetable pomace --- dairy beverage --- fluidized bed --- heat-sensitive compounds --- functional food --- palatability --- Canis familiaris --- DIY formula --- Prunus dulcis --- almond skins --- almond hulls --- almond shells --- almond blanch water --- bioactivities --- agri-waste management --- cava lees --- phenolic extract --- food by-product --- lactic acid bacteria --- fermented sausages --- Salmonella spp. --- Listeria monocytogenes --- revalorization --- waste utilisation --- date seed powder --- cookies --- sensory analysis