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A pathbreaking history of Sufism, from the earliest centuries of Islam to the present. After centuries as the most important ascetic-mystical strand of Islam, Sufism saw a sharp decline in the twentieth century, only to experience a stunning revival in recent decades. In this comprehensive new history of Sufism from the earliest centuries of Islam to today, Alexander Knysh, a leading expert on the subject, reveals the tradition in all its richness. Knysh explores how Sufism has been viewed by both insiders and outsiders since its inception. He examines the key aspects of Sufism, from definitions and discourses to leadership, institutions, and practices. He devotes special attention to Sufi approaches to the Qur'an, drawing parallels with similar uses of scripture in Judaism and Christianity. He traces how Sufism grew from a set of simple moral-ethical precepts into a sophisticated tradition with professional Sufi masters (shaykhs) who became powerful players in Muslim public life but whose authority was challenged by those advocating the equality of all Muslims before God. Knysh also examines the roots of the ongoing conflict between the Sufis and their fundamentalist critics, the Salafis--a major fact of Muslim life today. Based on a wealth of primary and secondary sources, Sufism is an indispensable account of a vital aspect of Islam --

Mysticism --- RELIGION / Islam / General. --- Sufism --- Sufism. --- Islam --- History. --- Islam. --- Dark night of the soul --- Mystical theology --- Theology, Mystical --- Spiritual life --- Negative theology --- Abrahamic religions. --- Al-Ghazali. --- Al-Qushayri. --- Asceticism. --- Author. --- Bernard McGinn (theologian). --- Bruce Lincoln. --- Christian mysticism. --- Christianity and Islam. --- Christianity. --- Christopher Melchert. --- Dhikr. --- Dichotomy. --- Divine presence. --- Doctrine. --- Edward Said. --- Esoteric interpretation of the Quran. --- Exegesis. --- Fear of God. --- Fiqh. --- Font Bureau. --- God. --- Hadith. --- Heresy. --- Historiography. --- Ibn Khaldun. --- Ibn Taymiyyah. --- Idolatry. --- Illustration. --- Irfan. --- Islamic culture. --- Islamic fundamentalism. --- Islamic holy books. --- Islamic studies. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Judeo-Christian. --- Justification (theology). --- Kafir. --- Kashf. --- Literature. --- Louis Massignon. --- Mansur Al-Hallaj. --- Modernity. --- Monasticism. --- Mosque. --- Muhammad. --- Murid. --- Muslim world. --- Muslim. --- Mystical theology. --- Mysticism. --- Najm al-Din. --- Naqshbandi. --- Narrative. --- Occult. --- Orientalism. --- Orthodoxy. --- P. J. Conkwright. --- Persecution. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy. --- Physician. --- Piety. --- Plotinus. --- Polemic. --- Political correctness. --- Presence of God (Catholicism). --- Princeton University Press. --- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. --- Quran. --- Religion. --- Religious studies. --- Religious text. --- Renunciation. --- Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi. --- Saint. --- Salafi movement. --- Sayyid. --- Sheikh. --- Silsila. --- Sufi cosmology. --- Sufi metaphysics. --- Sufi studies. --- Sunni Islam. --- Tariqa. --- The Sufis. --- Theology. --- Treatise. --- Ulama. --- Umberto Eco. --- Ummah. --- Wahhabism. --- William Chittick. --- World to come. --- World view. --- Worship. --- Writing.

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How the conflict between political Islamists and secular-leaning nationalists has shaped the history of the modern Middle EastIn 2013, just two years after the popular overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian military ousted the country's first democratically elected president-Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood-and subsequently led a brutal repression of the Islamist group. These bloody events echoed an older political rift in Egypt and the Middle East: the splitting of nationalists and Islamists during the rule of Egyptian president and Arab nationalist leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In Making the Arab World, Fawaz Gerges, one of the world's leading authorities on the Middle East, tells how the clash between pan-Arab nationalism and pan-Islamism has shaped the history of the region from the 1920s to the present.Gerges tells this story through an unprecedented dual biography of Nasser and another of the twentieth-century Arab world's most influential figures-Sayyid Qutb, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood and the father of many branches of radical political Islam. Their deeply intertwined lives embody and dramatize the divide between Arabism and Islamism. Yet, as Gerges shows, beyond the ideological and existential rhetoric, this is a struggle over the state, its role, and its power.Based on a decade of research, including in-depth interviews with many leading figures in the story, Making the Arab World is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the roots of the turmoil engulfing the Middle East, from civil wars to the rise of Al-Qaeda and ISIS.

Arab nationalism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- HISTORY / Middle East / General. --- Middle East --- history --- political Islam --- religious fundamentalism --- Arab world --- Arabs --- Nationalism --- Politics and government --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel, --- Quṭb, Sayyid, --- ʻAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Quṭb, Saiyid --- Muslimbruderschaft --- Since 1945 --- Egypt --- Egypt. --- Middle East. --- Ägypten --- Arabische Staaten --- Arab world. --- Quṭb, Saijid --- Qutb, Sajjed --- Qutb, Sayed --- Qutb, Sayyed --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Seyyid --- Qutb, Syed --- Quthub, Sayyid --- Qutub, Säyyid <<Šehit>> --- Qutup, Säyyid <<Šähid>> --- Qutup, Säyyid --- Qudub, Sayid --- Qotb, Sayed --- Ibn-Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Ibn-Quṭb --- Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Quṭb --- Kotb, Sayed --- Kutub, Seyyid --- Sāḏilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn --- Šähid Säyyid Qutup --- Saiyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm --- Saijid Quṭb --- Sayed Kotb --- Sayid Qudub --- Sayyid Quṭb --- Šehit Säyyid Qutub --- Seyyid Kutub --- قۇتۇب, سەييىد <<شېھىت>> --- قۇتۇپ, سەييىد <<شەھىد>> --- شەھىد سەييىد قۇتۇپ --- Journalist --- Quṭb, Muḥammad --- 1906-1966 --- 10.09.1906-29.08.1966 --- Abd An-Nasir, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nasir, Gamal --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Abd-el-Nasser, Gamal --- Nāṣir, Ğamāl ʿAbd- <> --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal A. --- Naser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abd- <> --- Nasser, Gamal Abd-al --- Gamal Abdel Nasser --- Gamal Abd El-Nasser --- Ǧamal ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- ʿAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ḥusain --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ibn-Ḥusain --- ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Abd an-Nasir, Dschamal --- جمال, ,بد الناصر --- 阿卜杜勒∙納賽尔, 加麥尔 --- 阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔, 加麦尔 --- 加麦尔∙阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔 --- 纳赛尔 --- Politiker --- Offizier --- Alexandria --- Kairo --- Marwān, Ašraf --- 1918-1970 --- Kotb, Sayed, --- Kutb, Sayyid, --- Kutub, Seyyid, --- Mohammad Qutb, --- Muḥammad Qut̤b, --- Qotb, Sayed, --- Qotb, Seyyed, --- Qotob, Sayyed, --- Qudub, Sayid, --- Qutb, Mohammad, --- Qut̤b, Muḥammad, --- Quṭb, Saiyid, --- Qutb, Sayed, --- Qutb, Sayyed, --- Qutb, Syed, --- Qutub, Said, --- Qutub, Săyyid, --- Qutup, Săyyid, --- Sayid Qudub, --- Sayyed Qotob, --- Sayyid Quṭb, --- Shādhilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn, --- ʻAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl, --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal, --- Abdolnaser, Jamal, --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal, --- Jamal Abdolnaser, --- Naser, G. A., --- Naser, Gamalʹ Abdelʹ, --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul, --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- سيد قطب --- قطب، سيد --- قطب، سيد، --- עבד אל־נאצר, ג׳מאל --- اصر، جمال عبد ال --- جمال عبد الناصر --- جمال عبد الناصر، --- عبد الناصر، جمال --- عبد الناصر، جمال، --- عبد الناصر، جنال --- عبد ناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال، --- ماصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال --- ناصر، جمال عبد --- ناصر، جمال عبد ، --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال، --- ناصر، جمال عبد، --- ناصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال. --- ناصر، جمل عبدال --- نسر، گمل ابدل --- نصر.جمال عبدال --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- Iḫwān muslimūn --- Iḫwān muslimīn --- Moslem Brotherhood --- Muslim Brotherhood --- Frères Musulmans --- Muslim Brothers --- Moslem Brothers --- Muslimbrüder --- Moslembrüder --- Moslembruderschaft --- Jamʿīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn --- Gemeinschaft der Muslimbrüder --- Jamâ'at al-Ikhwân al-Muslimîn --- Society of Muslim Brotherhood --- MB --- Moslem-Bruderschaft --- Muslim-Bruderschaft --- Ikhwan al-Muslimin --- Ikhwan al-Muslimun --- إخوان مسلمون --- الإخوان المسلمون --- <<ال>> إخوان المسلمين --- الإخوان المسلمين --- إخوان مسلمين --- 1928 --- -Since 1945 --- Arabische Länder --- Arabisches Sprachgebiet --- Araber --- Islamische Staaten --- Miṣr --- Chibet --- Ghubt --- Ghibt --- Arabische Republik Ägypten --- Dschumhūriyyat Misr al-ʿarabiyya --- República Árabe de Egipto --- Ŷumhūriyyat Miṣr Al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- Ǧumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arabiese Republiek Egipte --- République arabe d'Égypte --- Jumhuriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Repubblica Araba d'Egitto --- Egyiptomi Arab Köztársaság --- Mısır Arap Cumhuriyeti --- Ǧumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʿArabīya --- ARE --- Egypte --- <> Mamlaka al-Miṣrīya --- <> Daula al-Miṣrīya --- Mısır --- Egapt --- République d'Egypte --- Republic of Egypt --- Egitto --- Kingdom of Egypt --- Republica Arabe de Egipto --- Maṣr --- Ägypter --- Vereinigte Arabische Republik --- <> Iqlīm al-Ǧanūbī --- Ägypten --- -XX.01.1958 --- 1971 --- -Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- A.R.E. --- Ancient Egypt --- Egipat --- Egipet --- Egipt --- Egiptos --- Égypte --- Egypten --- Egypti --- Ejiputo --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- Ijiptʻ --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Khēmi --- Maṣr --- Miṣr --- Misri --- Mitsrayim --- United Arab Republic --- 1948 Palestine war. --- Activism. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Al-Tanzim. --- Ancien Régime. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Anwar Sadat. --- Apostasy. --- Arab Spring. --- Arab nationalism. --- Arab socialism. --- Arabs. --- Assassination. --- Authoritarianism. --- Backwardness. --- British Empire. --- Caliphate. --- Capitalism. --- Colonialism. --- Communism. --- Comrade. --- Constitutionalism. --- Copts. --- Criticism. --- Decolonization. --- Dictatorship. --- Dissident. --- Economic liberalization. --- Egyptian Government. --- Egyptians. --- Farid. --- Free Officers Movement (Egypt). --- Gamal Abdel Nasser. --- Governance. --- Habib. --- Hassan al-Banna. --- Hassan al-Hudaybi. --- Hegemony. --- Hosni Mubarak. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Institution. --- Islam. --- Islamic Group (Lebanon). --- Islamism. --- Jahiliyyah. --- Jihadism. --- Khaled Mohieddin. --- Left-wing politics. --- Manifesto. --- Martyr. --- Marxism. --- Militarization. --- Military occupation. --- Modernity. --- Mohamed Morsi. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim Brotherhood. --- Muslim world. --- Nasserism. --- Nationalist Movement. --- Nationalization. --- Palestinians. --- Pan-Arabism. --- Pan-Islamism. --- Persecution. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political system. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Public sphere. --- Quran. --- Qutb. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Radicalization. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Salafi movement. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sayyid Qutb. --- Sayyid. --- Secularism. --- Security forces. --- Sharia. --- Social movement. --- Sovereignty. --- Supreme Leader of Iran. --- Taha Hussein. --- Tanzim. --- Territorial nationalism. --- Terrorism. --- The Establishment. --- The Islamist. --- The Other Hand. --- Theocracy. --- Wafd Party. --- War. --- Westernization. --- Writing. --- Zionism. --- Islam and state