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According to a report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), achieving safe and healthier foods was one of the top ten achievements of public health in the 20th century. However, considerable persisting challenges currently exist in developed nations and developing economies for further assuring the safety and security of the food supplies. According to CDC estimates, as many as 3000 American adults, as an example, and based on a recent epidemiological estimate of the World Health Organization, around 420,000 individuals around the globe, lose their lives annually due to foodborne diseases. This emphasizes the need for innovative and emerging interventions, for further prevention or mitigation of the risk of foodborne microbial pathogens during food processing and manufacturing. The current publication discusses recent advancements and progress in the elimination and decontamination of microbial pathogens during various stages of manufacturing and production. Special emphasis is placed on hurdle validation studies, investigating decontamination of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars, various serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, public health-significant serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes, and pathogenic species of Cronobacter.

n/a --- bacteria --- stainless steel --- Escherichia coli --- biofilm formation --- beef --- powdered infant formula --- bile acids --- stx-subtypes --- raw milk --- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli --- Cronobacter sakazakii --- synergism of mild heat and pressure --- raspberry --- blueberry --- biocidal effectiveness --- salmonellosis --- Listeria monocytogenes --- small fruits --- biosensors --- food borne pathogens --- grape --- postharvest diseases --- modified atmosphere packaging --- high hydrostatic pressure --- epithelial barrier --- carvacrol --- dietary bioactive components --- rapid detection --- essential oils --- ozon --- stx-genes --- Cronobacter outbreaks --- habituation --- plant extracts --- Escherichia coli (STEC) --- ozonated water --- disinfectants --- caprylic acid --- foodborne pathogens --- temperature --- natural background microflora --- preventive measures --- carbon dioxide --- nitrogen --- strawberry --- high-pressure pasteurization --- gut microbiota --- food safety --- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) --- microfluidic chip --- fungi --- blackberry --- serogroups --- infant care setting --- non-ozonated water --- Food contamination. --- Food --- Microbiology. --- Sanitary microbiology --- Contaminated food --- Foods, Contaminated --- Contamination (Technology) --- Food adulteration and inspection --- Bacteriology --- Contamination

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There is talk of an upcoming antibiotic armageddon, with untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. Indeed, the now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that, by 2050, more people might die from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections than from cancer. While we are still learning all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, it seems increasingly clear that we need to take a “one health” approach, curtailing the use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine. However, there are no new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Maybe something that has been around “forever” can come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, it is also necessary to do things differently, and use these new antimicrobials appropriately. Therefore, an in-depth study of bacteriophage biology and case-by-case applications might be required. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics related to bacteriophages as antimicrobials, including their use in human therapy and aquaculture. It also explores the potential use of phage endolysins as substitutes of antibiotics in two sectors where there is an urgent need—human therapy and the agro-food industry. Last but not least, there is an excellent perspective article on phage therapy implementation.

Medicine --- bacteriophages --- dairy industry --- pathogens --- lactic acid bacteria --- fermentation failure --- biofilms --- antimicrobial resistance --- antimicrobials --- lysins --- horizontal gene transfer, transduction --- biofilm --- phage therapy --- resistance --- bacteriophage --- models --- agent based --- mass action --- bacterial phage resistance --- regression modeling --- MRSA --- Clostridium difficile --- Clostridium difficile infection --- microbiome --- in vitro fermentation model --- marine vibrios --- biological control --- aquaculture --- interactions --- vibriosis --- Aeromonas hydrophila --- Motile Aeromonas Septicemia --- MAS --- multiple-antibiotic-resistance --- striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) --- endolysin --- antibiotics --- one health --- protein engineering --- Aeromonas salmonicida --- furunculosis --- phage-resistant mutants --- proteins --- infrared spectroscopy --- lysin --- lytic enzyme --- peptidoglycan hydrolase --- antimicrobial --- antibacterial --- antibiotic resistance --- bacteriophage therapy --- Nagoya Protocol --- CRISPR CAS --- phage isolation --- phage resistance --- Staphylococcus --- Kayvirus --- Vibrio anguillarum --- fish larvae --- challenge trials --- phage display --- enzybiotics --- Bacteriophages --- diabetic foot ulcer --- osteomyelitis --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- lysogenic conversion --- prophage induction --- read recruitment --- shiga toxin --- American Foulbrood --- phage --- Paenibacillus larvae --- Brevibacillus laterosporus --- treatment --- safety --- bystander phage therapy --- Mycobacterium smegmatis --- mycobacteriophages --- directed evolution --- PlyC CHAP --- protein net charge --- CBD-independent --- FoldX --- STEC-specific bacteriophage --- whole genome sequencing --- STEC O145 strains --- antimicrobial agent --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- dual-species --- antibiotic --- synergy --- simultaneous --- sequential --- microbiome therapy --- evolution

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This is collection of original and review articles selected in recognition of the contribution of Instituto Butantan to the field of toxinology and its continued and relevant role in this field in the 120 years since its foundation. Congratulations to the Butantan Institute, its house scientists, and collaborators on its 120th anniversary!

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- mass spectrometry --- proteome --- snake venom --- Bothrops jararaca --- breast cancer --- HF3 --- human plasma --- proteolysis --- snake venom metalloproteinase --- Bothrops atrox --- blister --- local damage --- DAMPs --- antivenom --- snakebite --- Bothrops --- metalloproteases --- inflammation --- microcirculation --- adhesion molecules --- leukocyte-endothelium interactions --- individual variability --- venom heterogeneity --- STEC --- Stx2 --- antibody fragment --- monoclonal antibody --- neurodegenerative disease --- neurodegeneration --- IL-17 --- glial cells --- crotoxin --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- spheroid model --- tumor stroma --- Lonomia --- envenoming --- innovation --- Tityus serrulatus --- venom components --- hypotensins --- NEP inhibition --- cytokines --- toxins --- venoms --- skin secretion --- drug discovery --- scorpion accidents --- lactation --- maternal care --- seizure threshold --- leech --- Haementeria vizottoi --- cysteine proteases inhibitor --- recombinant cystatin --- cathepsin L --- Cryptops iheringi --- centipede --- venom --- toxin --- transcriptome --- recombinant protein --- venomics --- chilopoda --- oral tolerance --- ELISA --- Bothrops phospholipases A2 --- lipid mediators --- signaling pathways --- fish venoms --- cytolysins --- multifunctionality --- pore formation --- Bitis arietans venom (BaV) --- Kn-Ba --- cytokines and chemokines --- PGE2 --- THP-1 macrophages --- analgesic peptide --- protein kinase C --- hyperalgesia --- cell-signaling --- Hyalomma dromedarii --- salivary glands --- serpin --- anticoagulants --- thrombin inhibitor --- β-defensins --- snakes --- antimicrobial activity --- bioisosterism --- peptides --- Thalassophryne --- nattectin --- reverse-phase HPLC --- MALDI-ToF --- hemagglutinating activity --- antibacterial activity --- toxinology --- animal toxins