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In the near future, it is expected to have an increased number of satellites with hyperspectral imager instruments in orbit. Consequently, in the context of an internship and a Master’s thesis performed in Liège Space Center (CSL-Acronym in French) it has been proposed to model a hyperspectral instrument for Earth observation (HIEO). Indeed, a few models of hyperspectral devices from satellite imaginary have been founded and none of them provides a clear estimation of the photon-electron energy nor its SNR (Signal to Noise ratio) transfer from a standard scene until reaching the detector. In order to reach this objective, three modulus were built; the scene, the optical-mechanical system and the photon-detector. This project aims to build and implement from scratch a radiometric model of a hyperspectral instrument for Earth observation, using key data parameters (KDP) for the scene module, optical module and detector module , in the narrow region VNIR (Visible and Near Infrared domain from 400 nm to 1100 nm).

It was found that the modeled optical-detector system convert a tiny amount of photons into electrons. Furthermore, higher values of SNR (>100) were found in the region between 500 nm to 900 nm. Moreover, the SNR drastically drops towards the extremes of the spectrum. In conclusion, the relation signal noise has a non-linear relation between the grating efficiency, quantum yield and the quantum efficiency. Thus, futures studies could improve the prediction of these parameters to have better data for the correction of hyperspectral radiance profiles.

Hyperspectral Instrument --- Earth Observation --- SNR --- Radiometric model --- Satellite --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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The recent development of various application systems and platforms, such as 5G, B5G, 6G, and IoT, is based on the advancement of CMOS integrated circuit (IC) technology that enables them to implement high-performance chipsets. In addition to development in the traditional fields of analog and digital integrated circuits, the development of CMOS IC design and application in high-power and high-frequency operations, which was previously thought to be possible only with compound semiconductor technology, is a core technology that drives rapid industrial development. This book aims to highlight advances in all aspects of CMOS integrated circuit design and applications without discriminating between different operating frequencies, output powers, and the analog/digital domains. Specific topics in the book include: Next-generation CMOS circuit design and application; CMOS RF/microwave/millimeter-wave/terahertz-wave integrated circuits and systems; CMOS integrated circuits specially used for wireless or wired systems and applications such as converters, sensors, interfaces, frequency synthesizers/generators/rectifiers, and so on; Algorithm and signal-processing methods to improve the performance of CMOS circuits and systems.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spin memristor --- mask operation --- memristor switch --- memristor crossbar --- image processing --- CMOS --- voltage-controlled oscillator --- switched-biasing --- flicker noise --- phase noise --- current source --- figure-of-merit --- pixel-level ADC --- current-input ADC --- readout circuit --- microbolometer --- high SNR --- wide dynamic range --- current-reuse --- injection-locked frequency divider --- radar sensor --- wideband --- RF receiver --- blocker --- second-order intermodulation (IM2) --- orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) --- MedRadio --- medical implanted communication service (MICS) --- biomedical device --- biosensors --- LC-VCO --- current-shaping --- 90 nm --- current tail --- varactor --- LC tank --- on-wafer --- vibration energy harvester --- power management circuit --- CMOS rectifier --- dynamic threshold cancellation technique --- high power conversion efficiency --- CMOS circuit --- analog system --- signal processing --- learning algorithm --- artificial neural network --- freeware --- open science --- analog microelectronics design --- long channel transistors --- short channel transistors --- integrated circuit design --- CMOS design --- VLSI --- higher education --- educational innovation --- integrated circuit layout --- complex thinking --- CMOS detector --- concurrent-mode --- differential detector IC --- imaging SNR --- integrated folded-dipole antenna --- sub-terahertz imaging --- voltage responsivity

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The recent development of various application systems and platforms, such as 5G, B5G, 6G, and IoT, is based on the advancement of CMOS integrated circuit (IC) technology that enables them to implement high-performance chipsets. In addition to development in the traditional fields of analog and digital integrated circuits, the development of CMOS IC design and application in high-power and high-frequency operations, which was previously thought to be possible only with compound semiconductor technology, is a core technology that drives rapid industrial development. This book aims to highlight advances in all aspects of CMOS integrated circuit design and applications without discriminating between different operating frequencies, output powers, and the analog/digital domains. Specific topics in the book include: Next-generation CMOS circuit design and application; CMOS RF/microwave/millimeter-wave/terahertz-wave integrated circuits and systems; CMOS integrated circuits specially used for wireless or wired systems and applications such as converters, sensors, interfaces, frequency synthesizers/generators/rectifiers, and so on; Algorithm and signal-processing methods to improve the performance of CMOS circuits and systems.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spin memristor --- mask operation --- memristor switch --- memristor crossbar --- image processing --- CMOS --- voltage-controlled oscillator --- switched-biasing --- flicker noise --- phase noise --- current source --- figure-of-merit --- pixel-level ADC --- current-input ADC --- readout circuit --- microbolometer --- high SNR --- wide dynamic range --- current-reuse --- injection-locked frequency divider --- radar sensor --- wideband --- RF receiver --- blocker --- second-order intermodulation (IM2) --- orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) --- MedRadio --- medical implanted communication service (MICS) --- biomedical device --- biosensors --- LC-VCO --- current-shaping --- 90 nm --- current tail --- varactor --- LC tank --- on-wafer --- vibration energy harvester --- power management circuit --- CMOS rectifier --- dynamic threshold cancellation technique --- high power conversion efficiency --- CMOS circuit --- analog system --- signal processing --- learning algorithm --- artificial neural network --- freeware --- open science --- analog microelectronics design --- long channel transistors --- short channel transistors --- integrated circuit design --- CMOS design --- VLSI --- higher education --- educational innovation --- integrated circuit layout --- complex thinking --- CMOS detector --- concurrent-mode --- differential detector IC --- imaging SNR --- integrated folded-dipole antenna --- sub-terahertz imaging --- voltage responsivity --- spin memristor --- mask operation --- memristor switch --- memristor crossbar --- image processing --- CMOS --- voltage-controlled oscillator --- switched-biasing --- flicker noise --- phase noise --- current source --- figure-of-merit --- pixel-level ADC --- current-input ADC --- readout circuit --- microbolometer --- high SNR --- wide dynamic range --- current-reuse --- injection-locked frequency divider --- radar sensor --- wideband --- RF receiver --- blocker --- second-order intermodulation (IM2) --- orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) --- MedRadio --- medical implanted communication service (MICS) --- biomedical device --- biosensors --- LC-VCO --- current-shaping --- 90 nm --- current tail --- varactor --- LC tank --- on-wafer --- vibration energy harvester --- power management circuit --- CMOS rectifier --- dynamic threshold cancellation technique --- high power conversion efficiency --- CMOS circuit --- analog system --- signal processing --- learning algorithm --- artificial neural network --- freeware --- open science --- analog microelectronics design --- long channel transistors --- short channel transistors --- integrated circuit design --- CMOS design --- VLSI --- higher education --- educational innovation --- integrated circuit layout --- complex thinking --- CMOS detector --- concurrent-mode --- differential detector IC --- imaging SNR --- integrated folded-dipole antenna --- sub-terahertz imaging --- voltage responsivity

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The Special Issue "Fiber Optic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications” gathers recent original papers. The subjects of the papers cover a broad range of optical fiber chemical sensors and biosensors applied for regulation in bioreactors, to novel concepts of intrinsic optical fiber sensors.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fiber optic sensor --- gold nanoparticles --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- mercury --- ppb --- refractive index sensor --- gas sensor --- hollow-core photonic crystal fiber --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- whole-cell biosensor --- bioluminescent bioreporter --- optical fiber biosensor --- toluene --- Pseudomonas putida TVA8 --- Escherichia coli 652T7 --- fiber optics --- long period grating --- fiber optical sensors --- refractive index --- chemical sensing --- mercapto compound --- yeast cultivation --- feedback regulation --- glucose detection --- optical biosensor --- laser-induced plasma spectroscopy --- microchip laser --- hair analysis --- OFDR type DAS --- phase fading solution --- high SNR --- real-time events detection --- ammonia detection --- layer-by-layer --- U-bent optical fiber --- porphyrin --- poly(styrene sulfonate) --- diazo resin --- photocrosslinking --- fiber optic sensor --- gold nanoparticles --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- mercury --- ppb --- refractive index sensor --- gas sensor --- hollow-core photonic crystal fiber --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- whole-cell biosensor --- bioluminescent bioreporter --- optical fiber biosensor --- toluene --- Pseudomonas putida TVA8 --- Escherichia coli 652T7 --- fiber optics --- long period grating --- fiber optical sensors --- refractive index --- chemical sensing --- mercapto compound --- yeast cultivation --- feedback regulation --- glucose detection --- optical biosensor --- laser-induced plasma spectroscopy --- microchip laser --- hair analysis --- OFDR type DAS --- phase fading solution --- high SNR --- real-time events detection --- ammonia detection --- layer-by-layer --- U-bent optical fiber --- porphyrin --- poly(styrene sulfonate) --- diazo resin --- photocrosslinking

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The emerging massive density of human-held and machine-type nodes implies larger traffic deviatiolns in the future than we are facing today. In the future, the network will be characterized by a high degree of flexibility, allowing it to adapt smoothly, autonomously, and efficiently to the quickly changing traffic demands both in time and space. This flexibility cannot be achieved when the network’s infrastructure remains static. To this end, the topic of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) have enabled wireless communications, and networking has received increased attention. As mentioned above, the network must serve a massive density of nodes that can be either human-held (user devices) or machine-type nodes (sensors). If we wish to properly serve these nodes and optimize their data, a proper wireless connection is fundamental. This can be achieved by using UAV-enabled communication and networks. This Special Issue addresses the many existing issues that still exist to allow UAV-enabled wireless communications and networking to be properly rolled out.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- UAV positioning --- machine learning --- wireless communications --- drones --- network --- DTN --- mobility schedule --- routing algorithms --- data delivery --- Internet of drones --- communication --- security --- privacy --- UAV base station --- MIMO --- millimeter-wave band --- blind beamforming --- signal recovery --- UAV relay networks --- resource management --- transmit time allocation --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- dynamic spectrum access --- quality of service --- reinforcement learning --- multi-armed bandit --- aerial communication --- FANET --- not-spots --- stratospheric communication platform --- UAV --- UAV-assisted network --- 5G --- global positioning system --- GPS spoofing attacks --- detection techniques --- dynamic selection --- hyperparameter tuning --- IoT --- RF radio communication --- Wi-Fi direct --- D2D --- drone-based mobile secure zone --- friendly jamming --- mobility --- internet of things --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- resource allocation --- ultra reliable low latency communication --- uplink transmission --- Deep Q-learning (DQL) --- Double Deep Q-learning (DDQL) --- dynamic spectrum sharing --- High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) --- cellular communications --- power control --- interference management --- cognitive UAV networks --- clustered two-stage-fusion cooperative spectrum sensing --- continuous hidden Markov model --- SNR estimation --- n/a