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Geology --- Géologie --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Geologie. --- Geology. --- Jugoslawien. --- Balkanhalbinsel. --- Balkan Peninsula. --- Earth Sciences --- earth sciences --- Geologie --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Allgemeine Geologie --- Geognosie --- Dynamische Geologie --- Geowissenschaften --- Jugoslawien --- Balkanhalbinsel --- Balkans. --- Balkan States --- Balkans --- Europe, Southeastern --- Southeastern Europe --- Europe, Eastern --- Balkanländer --- Balkanstaaten --- Balkan --- Halbinsel --- Südosteuropa --- Jugoslavija --- FNRJ --- FNR Jugoslavija --- SFRJ --- SFRJU --- SFR Jugoslavija --- Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia --- FPR Yugoslavia --- FPRY --- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia --- SFR Yugoslavia --- Föderative Volksrepublik Jugoslawien --- FVRJ --- Yugoslavija --- République Socialiste Fédérative de Yougoslavie --- Socialistična Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Socialističeskaja Federativnaja Respublika Jugoslavija --- Yugoslavıya --- Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija --- Savezna Republika Jugoslavija --- Federal Republic of Yugoslavija --- Sojuznaja Respublika Jugoslavii --- Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavija --- Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Yugoslavia --- Yougoslavie --- Sozialistische Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- Kraljevina Jugoslavija --- Königreich Jugoslawien --- Jugoslawen --- Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca --- Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- 1929-1992 --- Géologie --- Eastern Europe --- Balkanländer --- Südosteuropa --- Föderative Volksrepublik Jugoslawien --- République Socialiste Fédérative de Yougoslavie --- Socialistična Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Socialističeskaja Federativnaja Respublika Jugoslavija --- Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Sozialistische Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- Königreich Jugoslawien --- Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- SHS-Staat

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In the first political analysis of unemployment in a socialist country, Susan Woodward argues that the bloody conflicts that are destroying Yugoslavia stem not so much from ancient ethnic hatreds as from the political and social divisions created by a failed socialist program to prevent capitalist joblessness. Under Communism the concept of socialist unemployment was considered an oxymoron; when it appeared in postwar Yugoslavia, it was dismissed as illusory or as a transitory consequence of Yugoslavia's unorthodox experiments with worker-managed firms. In Woodward's view, however, it was only a matter of time before countries in the former Soviet bloc caught up with Yugoslavia, confronting the same unintended consequences of economic reforms required to bring socialist states into the world economy. By 1985, Yugoslavia's unemployment rate had risen to 15 percent. How was it that a labor-oriented government managed to tolerate so clear a violation of the socialist commitment to full employment? Proposing a politically based model to explain this paradox, Woodward analyzes the ideology of economic growth, and shows that international constraints, rather than organized political pressures, defined government policy. She argues that unemployment became politically "invisible," owing to its redefinition in terms of guaranteed subsistence and political exclusion, with the result that it corrupted and ultimately dissolved the authority of all political institutions. Forced to balance domestic policies aimed at sustaining minimum standards of living and achieving productivity growth against the conflicting demands of the world economy and national security, the leadership inadvertently recreated the social relations of agrarian communities within a postindustrial society.

Full employment policies --- Socialism --- Unemployment --- Politique de plein emploi --- Socialisme --- Chômage --- Yugoslavia --- Yougoslavie --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Economic policy --- Employment stabilization --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Underemployment --- Austria. --- Austromarxism. --- Bolcic, Silvano. --- Bukharin, Nikolai. --- Cannon, Cavendish. --- Comisso, Ellen. --- Connor, Walker. --- Dalmatia. --- Djilas, Milovan. --- Estrin, Saul. --- Gapinski, James. --- Gligorov, Kiro. --- Great Britain. --- Green Plan (1973). --- Horvat, Branko. --- Keynesianism. --- Krstulovic, Vicko. --- Pijade, Mosa. --- Planinc, Milka. --- administrative period. --- budget deficits. --- deficits, domestic. --- economic coercion concept. --- export promotion. --- farm collectives. --- health insurance. --- housing shortage. --- investment, foreign. --- job security. --- joint ventures. --- labor markets, informal. --- mass participation concept. --- national independence. --- overemployment. --- rationing. --- remittances. --- security zones. --- Wirtschaftspolitik. --- Arbeitslosigkeit. --- Planeconomie. --- Werkgelegenheidsbeleid. --- Werkloosheid. --- Unemployment. --- Socialism. --- Full employment policies. --- Economic history. --- Jugoslawien. --- Yugoslavia. --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Serbia and Montenegro --- Korolevstvo SKhS --- Korolevstvo serbov, khorvatov i sloventsev --- I︠U︡hoslavii︠a︡ --- Jugoslavija --- Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavija --- Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca --- Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes --- Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- SFRJ --- Socjalistyczna Federacyjna Republika Jugosłavii --- Jugoszláv Szocialista Szövetségi Köztársaság --- SFRI︠U︡ --- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia --- Nan-ssu-la-fu --- Nansilafu --- Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Federativnai︠a︡ Respublika I︠U︡goslavii︠a︡ --- Federatyvna Narodna Respublika I︠U︡hoslavii︠a︡ --- FNRI︠U︡ --- I︠U︡goslavii︠a︡ --- Yugosŭllabia --- Yugoslavyah --- Iugoslavia --- Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia --- République fédérative populaire de Yougoslavie --- République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie --- RSFY --- FNRJ --- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia --- Sot︠s︡ialistychna Federatyvna Respublika I︠U︡hoslavii︠a︡ --- Savezna Republika Jugoslavija --- Soi︠u︡zna Respublika I︠U︡hoslavii︠a︡ --- SRI︠U︡ --- Jugoslavia --- FR Yugoslavia --- Kraljevina Jugoslavija --- Kingdom of Yugoslavia --- FLRJ --- Federativna ljudska republika Jugoslavija --- Jugoszlávia --- Erwerbslosigkeit --- Arbeitsloser --- Unterbeschäftigung --- Volkswirtschaftspolitik --- Allgemeine Wirtschaftspolitik --- Politik --- Croats, and Slovenes --- Federatyvna Narodna Respublika I͡Uhoslavii͡ --- FNRI͡ --- Hrvata i Slovenaca --- I͡Ugoslavii͡ --- I͡Uhoslavii͡ --- khorvatov i sloventsev --- SFRI͡ --- Soi͡uzna Respublika I͡Uhoslavii͡ --- Sot͡sialisticheskai͡a Federativnai͡a Respublika I͡Ugoslavii͡ --- Sot͡sialistychna Federatyvna Respublika I͡Uhoslavii͡ --- SRI͡ --- FNR Jugoslavija --- SFRJU --- SFR Jugoslavija --- FPR Yugoslavia --- FPRY --- SFR Yugoslavia --- Föderative Volksrepublik Jugoslawien --- FVRJ --- Yugoslavija --- République Socialiste Fédérative de Yougoslavie --- Socialistična Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Socialističeskaja Federativnaja Respublika Jugoslavija --- Yugoslavıya --- Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija --- Federal Republic of Yugoslavija --- Sojuznaja Respublika Jugoslavii --- Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija --- Sozialistische Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- Königreich Jugoslawien --- Jugoslawen --- Föderative Republik Jugoslawien --- 1929-1992 --- SHS-Staat