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Merchants of War and Peace challenges conventional arguments that the major driving forces of the First Opium War were the infamous opium smuggling trade, the defense of British national honor, and cultural conflicts between 'progressive' Britain and 'backward' China. Instead, it argues that the war was started by a group of British merchants in the Chinese port of Canton in the 1830s, known as the 'Warlike Party'. Living in a period when British knowledge of China was growing rapidly, the Warlike Party came to understand China's weakness and its members returned to London to lobby for intervention until war broke out in 1839. However, the Warlike Party did not get its way entirely. Another group of British merchants known in Canton as the 'Pacific Party' opposed the war. In Britain, the anti-war movement gave the conflict its infamous name, the 'Opium War', which has stuck ever since. Using materials housed in the National Archives, UK, the First Historical Archives of China, the National Palace Museum, the British Library, SOAS Library, and Cambridge University Library, this meticulously researched and lucid volume is a new history of the cause of the First Opium War.

China --- History --- S04/0725 --- S09/0505 --- S10/0610 --- China: History--Opium War and 1840 -1860 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Great-Britain --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Foreign trade and economic relations: before 1842

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S09/0505 --- S09/0200 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Great-Britain --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--General works and before 1840 --- Diplomatic etiquette --- Diplomatic protocol --- Protocol, Diplomatic --- Diplomacy --- Government etiquette --- Macartney, George Macartney, --- Ma-chia-erh-ni, --- Makartneĭ, --- China --- Great Britain --- Foreign relations --- Macartney, George Macartney

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On 29 August 1816, Lord Amherst, exhausted after travelling overnight during an embassy to China, was roughly handled in an attempt to compel him to attend an immediate audience with the Jiaqing Emperor at the Summer Palace of Yuanming Yuan. Fatigued and separated from his ambassadorial and credentials, Amherst resisted, and left the palace in anger. The emperor, believing he had been insulted, dismissed the embassy without granting it an imperial audience and rejected its "tribute" of gifts. This diplomatic incident caused considerable disquiet at the time. Some 200 years later, it is timely in 2016 to consider once again the complex and vexed historical and cultural relations between two of the nineteenth-century world's largest empires. The interdisciplinary essays in this volumeengage with the most recent work on British cultural representations of, and exchanges with, Qing China, extending our existing but still provisional understandings of this area of study in new and exciting directions. They cover such subjects as female foot binding; English and Chinese pastoral poetry; translations; representations of the trade in tea and opium; Tibet; and the political, culturaland environmental contexts of the Amherst embassy itself. Featuring British and Chinese writers such as Edmund Spenser, Wu Cheng'en, Thomas De Quincey, Oscar Wilde, James Hilton, and Zhuanzi, these essays take forward the compelling and highly relevant subject for today of Britain and China's relationship. Contributors: Elizabeth Chang, Peter J. Kitson, Eugenia Zurowski Jenkins, ZhangLongxi, Mingjun Lu, Robert Markley, Eun Kyung Min, Q.S. Tong

Comparative literature --- Thematology --- English literature --- anno 1800-1899 --- China --- Travelers' writings, British --- Ecrits de voyageurs britanniques --- History and criticism --- Histoire et critique --- Chine --- Description and travel --- Descriptions et voyages --- S04/0680 --- S09/0505 --- S16/0190 --- China: History--Qing: general: 1644 - 1912 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Great-Britain --- China: Literature and theatrical art--Literary criticism --- E-books --- History and criticism. --- Description and travel. --- 1800-1899

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Diplomatic etiquette --- S02/0310 --- S04/0690 --- S06/0205 --- S09/0505 --- Diplomatic protocol --- Protocol, Diplomatic --- Diplomacy --- Government etiquette --- China: General works--Intercultural dialogue --- China: History--Qing: 1644 - 1840 --- China: Politics and government--Government and political institutions: Qing --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Great-Britain --- Macartney, George Macartney, --- Macartney, George Macartney --- Ma-chia-erh-ni, --- Makartneĭ, --- China --- Great Britain --- Foreign relations --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of Asia --- anno 1700-1799

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History --- anno 1700-1799 --- China --- history [discipline] --- History as a science --- S09/0505 --- S09/0495 --- S09/0200 --- S03/0240 --- 951.07 --- 951.07 Geschiedenis van China: Mantsjoe-keizers ; Qing-dynastie (1644-1799) --- Geschiedenis van China: Mantsjoe-keizers ; Qing-dynastie (1644-1799) --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Great-Britain --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Europe --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--General works and before 1840 --- China: Geography, description and travel--Travels: 1500-1840 --- Description and travel --- Foreign relations --- Great Britain --- 18e eeuw --- Macartney, George --- West-Europa --- Geschiedenis --- Cultuurgeschiedenis --- Kolonialisme --- Azië --- Nederland --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Vietnam --- Zuid-Afrika --- Kust --- Literatuur --- Geschiedenis van de nieuwste tijden