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The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the program. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR program at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the program's operations--including the National Science Foundation (NSF). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the NSF SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs.

Small business --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Technological innovations --- Research --- Size --- National Science Foundation (U.S.). --- SBIR --- S.B.I.R. --- Evaluation. --- E-books

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Electronic books. -- local. --- National Science Foundation (U.S.). -- Small Business Innovation Research Program -- Evaluation -- Congresses. --- Small business -- Technological innovations -- Research -- United States -- Congresses. --- Technological innovations -- Research -- United States -- Congresses. --- Small business --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Quality of Health Care --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Science --- Health Services Administration --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Investigative Techniques --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Care --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Technology --- Commerce --- Research --- Program Evaluation --- Technological innovations --- National Science Foundation (U.S.). --- Evaluation --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- SBIR --- S.B.I.R. --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Size --- E-books

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The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide federal research and development funding to small businesses. In 2008, the National Research Council completed a comprehensive assessment of the SBIR and STTR programs. The first-round study found that the programs were "sound in concept and effective in practice." Building on the outcomes from the Phase I study, this second phase examines both topics of general policy interest that emerged during the first phase and topics of specific interest to individual agencies, and provides a second snapshot to measure the program's progress against its legislative goals.

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