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In this work I have endeavoured to apply the theory of primary and secondary systems as defined by D.S. Likhachev to Russian literary texts. Likhachev's idea amounts to the fact that those systems reoccur alternately. Thus, a primary system evolves into a so-called elliptic stage which enables a succeeding, secondary system to develop itself. Conversely, when the latter has become the standard norm it gradually evolves, in turn, into a similar elliptic stage. This, in turn, gradually develops into a primary system too. As far as the fluent succession of systems is concerned, Likhachev's theory differs from a similar theory developed by E.R. Curtius. The latter assumes that literary works should be divided into works with a Classicistic and a Manneristic character. The first develop into the latter which show a frozen character with no original qualities. In the end works with a new Classicistic character develop themselves. These, in turn, have a vital character again. In other words, in Curtius' scheme there is no place for a fluent alternation of systems the way there is in Likhachev's.

linguistics --- Chain --- Classical --- Derzhavin's Poetry --- Gogol --- Gold --- Literature --- Mannerisms in Verbal and Pictorial Texts --- Observations --- Primary --- Romantic --- Russian --- russian Realism --- russian Romanticism --- Secondary --- Systems --- Waszink --- Weep

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In this work I have endeavoured to apply the theory of primary and secondary systems as defined by D.S. Likhachev to Russian literary texts. Likhachev's idea amounts to the fact that those systems reoccur alternately. Thus, a primary system evolves into a so-called elliptic stage which enables a succeeding, secondary system to develop itself. Conversely, when the latter has become the standard norm it gradually evolves, in turn, into a similar elliptic stage. This, in turn, gradually develops into a primary system too. As far as the fluent succession of systems is concerned, Likhachev's theory differs from a similar theory developed by E.R. Curtius. The latter assumes that literary works should be divided into works with a Classicistic and a Manneristic character. The first develop into the latter which show a frozen character with no original qualities. In the end works with a new Classicistic character develop themselves. These, in turn, have a vital character again. In other words, in Curtius' scheme there is no place for a fluent alternation of systems the way there is in Likhachev's.

Chain --- Classical --- Derzhavin's Poetry --- Gogol --- Gold --- Literature --- Mannerisms in Verbal and Pictorial Texts --- Observations --- Primary --- Romantic --- Russian --- russian Realism --- russian Romanticism --- Secondary --- Systems --- Waszink --- Weep

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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"Marking the bicentenary of Dostoevsky's birth, Dostoevsky at 200: The Novel in Modernity takes the writer's art--specifically the tension between experience and formal representation--as its central theme. While many critical approaches to Dostoevsky's works are concerned with spiritual and philosophical dilemmas, this volume focuses instead on questions of design and narrative to explore Dostoevsky and the novel from a multitude of perspectives. Contributions situate Dostoevsky's formal choices of narrative, plot, genre, characterization, and the novel itself within modernity and consider how the experience of modernity led to Dostoevsky's particular engagement with form. Conceived as a forum for younger scholars working in new directions in Dostoevsky scholarship, the chapters that comprise this volume ask how narrative and genre shape Dostoevsky's works, as well as how they influence the way modernity is represented. Of interest not just to readers and scholars of Russian literature, but also to those interested in the genre of the novel more broadly, Dostoevsky at 200 is pathbreaking in its approach to the question of Dostoevsky's contribution to the novel as a form. "--

Civilization, Modern, in literature. --- Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, --- Dostoevskij, Fëdor Mihajlovič --- Dostoevskij, Fjodor Mihajlovič --- Dostoevskij, Fedor Mikhajlovich --- Dostojevski, Fjodor Michajlovitsj --- Dostojewski, Fedor --- Dostojevski, Fedor --- Dostojewski, Fjodor --- Dostojevski, Fjodor --- Dostojewski, Fjodor Michailowitsj --- Dostojewskij, Fjodor M. --- Dostoïevski, Fiodor --- Dostoïevsky, Fedor Mihajlovic --- Достоевский, Федор, --- Dostoevskiĭ, Fedor, --- Dostoievski, Fédor Mikhailovitch, --- Dostoievski, Fiodor, --- Dostojevski, F. M., --- Dostojewskij, Fjodor M., --- Tʻo-ssu-tʻo-yeh-fu-ssu-chi, --- Tuosituoyefusiji, --- Dostoevsky, Fyodor, --- Zuboskal, --- Dostoevskiĭ, Fedor Mikhaĭlovich, --- Dostoevskiĭ, F. M. --- Dostojewski, Fjedor Michailowitsch, --- Dustūyafskī, Fīdūr, --- Dostoievsky, F., --- Dosztojevszkij, Fjodor Mihajlovics, --- Tu-ssu-tʻo-yeh-fu-ssu-chi, --- Dusituoyefusiji, --- Dostojewski, --- Dostojewski, Fiodor, --- Dostoevskij, Fedor, --- Dostojewskij, F. M. --- Dostojevskij, F. M., --- Dostojevskij, Fjodor, --- D̲ostogiephski, Ph. M., --- Dostoïevsky, Th. M., --- D̲ostogiephsky, Phiontor Michaēlovits, --- Dostoiewskij, --- Dostojewski, Fjodor, --- Dostoevsky, Fedor, --- Dostoïevsky, Fédor, --- Dostoevsky, F. M. --- Dostojevskis, F., --- Dostoevski, F., --- Dostojewsky, --- Dosṭoyevsḳi, Fyodor Mikhailovits', --- Dostogephskē, Th., --- Dostojewski, Teodor, --- Dāstavaskī, --- D̲ostogephski, --- Dostojevskis, Fjodors, --- D̲ostogievskē, Phiontor, --- Dostoyewski, Fedor, --- Dosztojevszkij, F. M. --- Dosṭoyeṿsḳi, F. M., --- Dostojevskij, Fedor Michajlovič, --- Tāstayēvski, K̲apiyōtar, --- Dostoievski, Fedor, --- Dastoyaveski, Fiyodar, --- Dosṭoyevsḳi, Fyodor, --- Dāstāyivskī, --- ドストエフスキー --- דאםטאיעווםקי, פ. --- דאסטאיעווסקי, פ. --- דאסטאיעווסקי, פ. מ. --- דאסטאיעווסקי, פ. מ., --- דאסטאיעוועסקי, פ. --- דאסטאיעװסקי, פ.מ --- דאסטאיעװסקי, פ., --- דוסטויבסקי --- דוסטויבסקי, פדור מיכאילוביץ --- דוסטויבסקי, פיודור מיכאילוביץ, --- דוסטויבסקי, פיודור ניכילוביץ' --- דוסטויבסקי, פיודור, --- דוסטויבסקי, פי., --- דוסטויבסקי, פ. מ., --- דוסטויבסקי, ת. ד. --- דוסטוייבסקי, פיודור --- דוסטוייבסקי, פיודור, --- 陀司妥也夫斯基, --- 陀思妥也夫斯基, --- 陀思妥耶夫斯基, --- F. ドストエフスキー, --- Crime and Punishment. --- Dostoevskii. --- Fyodor Dostoevsky. --- Notes from Underground. --- Russian literature. --- Russian realism. --- The Idiot. --- modernity. --- nineteenth-century. --- representation. --- the novel.