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Muslims --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Biography --- Khomeini, Ruhollah. --- Rūḥ Allāh al-Khumaynī --- Khamīnī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini --- Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh Khumaynī --- Khumaynī, Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeiny, Ruhallah --- Musawi, Ruhallah --- Mūsavī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Rūḥ Allāh Mūsavī --- Khumeini, --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh al-Mūsawī --- Khomeini, --- K̲h̲umainī, --- Imām K̲h̲umainī --- Khoumani, R. --- Khomeyni, Rūḥullāh --- H̲umainī, Rūḥullāh --- Khumayynī, Āyat Allāh --- Khomeĭni, Ai︠a︡tolla --- Khomeani, Roohollah --- Khomeini, Ruhollah Mūsavi --- امام خمينى --- خمىنى، رو ح الله --- خوميني، روح الله --- خمينى، رو ح الله --- خومينى، روح الله

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Written by a pioneer in the field of Middle Eastern women's history, Women in the Middle East is a concise, comprehensive, and authoritative history of the lives of the region's women since the rise of Islam. Nikki Keddie shows why hostile or apologetic responses are completely inadequate to the diversity and richness of the lives of Middle Eastern women, and she provides a unique overview of their past and rapidly changing present. The book also includes a brief autobiography that recounts Keddie's political activism as one of the first women in Middle East Studies. Positioning women within their individual economic situations, identities, families, and geographies, Women in the Middle East examines the experiences of women in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, in Iran, and in all the Arab countries. Keddie discusses the interaction of a changing Islam with political, cultural, and socioeconomic developments. In doing so, she shows that, like other major religions, Islam incorporated ideas and practices of male superiority but also provoked challenges to them. Keddie breaks with notions of Middle Eastern women as faceless victims, and assesses their involvement in the rise of modern nationalist, socialist, and Islamist movements. While acknowledging that conservative trends are strong, she notes that there have been significant improvements in Middle Eastern women's suffrage, education, marital choice, and health.

Feminism --- Women --- History. --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Islam --- Sexology --- Community organization --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Middle East --- Cylinder seals --- Symbolism --- History --- Femmes --- Féminisme --- Histoire --- Moyen-Orient --- #SBIB:316.346H20 --- #SBIB:39A77 --- Emancipation of women --- Feminist movement --- Women's lib --- Women's liberation --- Women's liberation movement --- Women's movement --- Social movements --- Anti-feminism --- Positie van de vrouw in de samenleving: algemeen --- Etnografie: Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten --- Emancipation --- Abbasid Caliphate. --- Adultery. --- Afghanistan. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Algeria. --- Arabs. --- Caliphate. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Carpet. --- Child custody. --- Colonialism. --- Concubinage. --- Doria Shafik. --- Dower. --- Employment. --- Extended family. --- Family planning. --- Female education. --- Feminism (international relations). --- Feminism. --- Feminist movement. --- Gender equality. --- Gender inequality. --- Gender role. --- Hadith. --- Hijab. --- Homosexuality. --- Honor killing. --- Household. --- Human female sexuality. --- Husain. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Institution. --- Iranian Revolution. --- Islam. --- Islamic Modernism. --- Islamism. --- Janet Afary. --- Jews. --- Leila Ahmed. --- Lila Abu-Lughod. --- Literacy. --- Literature. --- Mahnaz Afkhami. --- Middle East. --- Missionary. --- Muhammad's wives. --- Muslim world. --- Muslim. --- Narrative. --- Newspaper. --- Nikki Keddie. --- North Africa. --- Oppression. --- Orientalism. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Patriarchy. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Polygamy. --- Pre-Islamic Arabia. --- Prejudice. --- Prostitution. --- Quran. --- R. --- Religion. --- Reza Shah. --- Ruhollah Khomeini. --- Safavid dynasty. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sayyid. --- Seclusion. --- Secularism. --- Sex segregation. --- Sharia. --- Slavery. --- Social science. --- Sunni Islam. --- Syracuse University Press. --- The Other Hand. --- Tradition. --- Tunisia. --- University of California Press. --- Upper class. --- Veil. --- Virginity. --- Warfare. --- Western world. --- Westernization. --- Women in Arab societies. --- Women in Islam. --- Women's history. --- Women's rights. --- Women's suffrage. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- Writing. --- Yale University Press. --- Ziba Mir-Hosseini. --- Nationalism --- Sexuality --- Women's movements --- Book

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Islam and state --- Shīʻah --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Islamic sects --- Alids --- Fukaykī, Tawfīq, --- Khomeini, Ruhollah. --- Maghnīyah, Muḥammad Jawād, --- Mughniyyah, Muhammad Jawad, --- Muġnīya, Muḥammad Ǧawād, --- Mughnīyah, Muḥammad Jawād, --- Maghniyyah, Muhammad Jawad, --- Mughannīyah, Muḥammad Javād, --- Mug̲h̲niyah, Muḥammad Javvād, --- مغنية، محمد جواد, --- ‏مغنيه، محمّد جوّاد, --- محمد جواد مغنية, --- Rūḥ Allāh al-Khumaynī --- Khamīnī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini --- Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh Khumaynī --- Khumaynī, Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeiny, Ruhallah --- Musawi, Ruhallah --- Mūsavī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Rūḥ Allāh Mūsavī --- Khumeini, --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh al-Mūsawī --- Khomeini, --- K̲h̲umainī, --- Imām K̲h̲umainī --- Khoumani, R. --- Khomeyni, Rūḥullāh --- H̲umainī, Rūḥullāh --- Khumayynī, Āyat Allāh --- Khomeĭni, Ai︠a︡tolla --- Khomeani, Roohollah --- Khomeini, Ruhollah Mūsavi --- امام خمينى --- خمىنى، رو ح الله --- خوميني، روح الله --- Tawfīq al-Fukaykī, --- Fukaikī, Taufīq, --- Taufīq al-Fukaikī, --- Fukaykī, Tawfīq ibn ʻAlī ibn Nāṣir, --- Tawfīq ibn ʻAlī ibn Nāṣir al-Fukaykī, --- فكيكي، توفيق --- فكيكي، توفيق، --- Islam and state. --- Shīʻah --- Fukaykī, Tawfīq, --- Maghnīyah, Muḥammad Jawād, --- خمينى، رو ح الله --- خومينى، روح الله

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Khomeini, Ruhollah. --- Iran --- History --- Foreign public opinion, Dutch. --- Rūḥ Allāh al-Khumaynī --- Khamīnī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini --- Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh Khumaynī --- Khumaynī, Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeiny, Ruhallah --- Musawi, Ruhallah --- Mūsavī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Rūḥ Allāh Mūsavī --- Khumeini, --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh al-Mūsawī --- Khomeini, --- K̲h̲umainī, --- Imām K̲h̲umainī --- Khoumani, R. --- Khomeyni, Rūḥullāh --- H̲umainī, Rūḥullāh --- Khumayynī, Āyat Allāh --- Khomeĭni, Ai︠a︡tolla --- Khomeani, Roohollah --- Khomeini, Ruhollah Mūsavi --- امام خمينى --- خمىنى، رو ح الله --- خوميني، روح الله --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- خمينى، رو ح الله --- خومينى، روح الله

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What do the occult sciences, séances with the souls of the dead, and appeals to saintly powers have to do with rationality? Since the late nineteenth century, modernizing intellectuals, religious leaders, and statesmen in Iran have attempted to curtail many such practices as "superstitious," instead encouraging the development of rational religious sensibilities and dispositions. However, far from diminishing the diverse methods through which Iranians engage with the immaterial realm, these rationalizing processes have multiplied the possibilities for metaphysical experimentation. The Iranian Metaphysicals examines these experiments and their transformations over the past century. Drawing on years of ethnographic and archival research, Alireza Doostdar shows that metaphysical experimentation lies at the center of some of the most influential intellectual and religious movements in modern Iran. These forms of exploration have not only produced a plurality of rational orientations toward metaphysical phenomena but have also fundamentally shaped what is understood as orthodox Shi'i Islam, including the forms of Islamic rationality at the heart of projects for building and sustaining an Islamic Republic. Delving into frequently neglected aspects of Iranian spirituality, politics, and intellectual inquiry, The Iranian Metaphysicals challenges widely held assumptions about Islam, rationality, and the relationship between science and religion.

Islam and science --- Mysticism --- Uncanny, The (Psychoanalysis) --- Metaphysics. --- Islamic occultism. --- Islam. --- 'Ali Shirazi. --- 'ajab. --- Abdol-Karim Soroush. --- Arezu Khanum. --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. --- Cosmic Intelligence. --- Cosmic Mysticism. --- Cosmic Mystics. --- Erlebnis. --- God. --- Iran. --- Islam. --- Islamic Republic. --- Islamic cosmology. --- Mirza Khalil Khan Saqafi. --- Mohammad 'Ali Taheri. --- Mostafa Malekiyan. --- Muslims. --- Naser Makarem Shirazi. --- Qur'an. --- Sayyed Ahmad Yazdi. --- Shaykh Ja'far Mojtahedi. --- Shaykh Rajab 'Ali the tailor. --- Shaykh Rajab 'Ali. --- Shi'i Islam. --- Shi'i jurists. --- Spiritism. --- Spiritists. --- Sufism. --- anguish. --- animality. --- astonishment. --- cautious sensibility. --- charlatans. --- civil order. --- conscience. --- consciousness. --- cosmology. --- criminalization. --- defensive radiation. --- discretion. --- disembodied souls. --- disembodied spirits. --- economic liberalization. --- empirical inquiry. --- empirical science. --- energy. --- entrepreneurship. --- epistemology. --- ethicolegal reasoning. --- ethics. --- exorcism. --- extrasensory vision. --- falsity. --- fraud. --- friends of God. --- hagiographic writing. --- hagiographies. --- healing. --- heart. --- hypnotism. --- hypocrisy. --- imaging technologies. --- immaterial realm. --- inner eye. --- insight. --- intellectuals. --- janbeh. --- jinn. --- leisure. --- lucid dreaming. --- marvels. --- matter. --- metaphysical experimentation. --- metaphysical inquiry. --- metaphysical pleasures. --- metaphysical. --- metaphysics. --- metatherapy. --- moral instruction. --- moral judgments. --- moral reform. --- moral uncertainty. --- mystical sensibility. --- mysticism. --- mystics. --- occult. --- personal experience. --- piety. --- pious signs. --- play. --- playfulness. --- police. --- political allegiance. --- politics. --- possession. --- prayer leader. --- psymentology. --- public order. --- punishment. --- quantum physics. --- rammal. --- rammali. --- rationality. --- rationalization. --- religion. --- religiosity. --- religious experience. --- religious phenomena. --- representation. --- rumor. --- science. --- scientific discovery. --- scientific imaginaries. --- scientific knowledge. --- scientific truth. --- self-discipline. --- self-presentation. --- self. --- sin. --- skepticism. --- sorcery. --- spirit science. --- spirit. --- spirituality. --- superstition. --- séances. --- ta'ajjub. --- tajrobeh. --- technoscience. --- theodicy. --- therapeutic ecology. --- tranquillity. --- truth. --- ulama. --- unseen. --- virtue. --- virtuous caution. --- wonder.