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This is the first book on rotational effects in earthquakes, a revolutionary concept in seismology. Existing models do no yet explain the significant rotational and twisting motions that occur during an earthquake and cause the failure of structures. This breakthrough monograph thoroughly investigates rotational waves, basing considerations on modern observations of strong rotational ground motions and detection of seismic rotational waves. To describe the propagation of such waves the authors consider structured elastic media that allow for rotational motions and rotational deformations of the ground, sometimes stronger than translational deformations. The rotation and twist effects are investigated and described and their consequences for designing tall buildings and other important structures are presented. The book will change the way the world views earthquakes and will interest scientists and researchers in the fields of Geophysics, Geology and Civil Engineering.

Earthquakes. --- Shear waves. --- Seismology. --- Seismography --- Geophysics --- Earthquakes --- Distortional waves --- Rotational waves --- S waves --- Secondary waves --- Transverse waves --- Waves, Distortional --- Waves, Rotational --- Waves, S --- Waves, Secondary --- Waves, Shear --- Waves, Transverse --- Elastic waves --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Physical geography. --- Geology. --- Civil engineering. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Civil Engineering. --- Engineering --- Public works --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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Diagnostic imaging. --- Tissues --- Shear waves. --- Elastic properties. --- Distortional waves --- Rotational waves --- S waves --- Secondary waves --- Transverse waves --- Waves, Distortional --- Waves, Rotational --- Waves, S --- Waves, Secondary --- Waves, Shear --- Waves, Transverse --- Elastic waves --- Histology --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Clinical imaging --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Medical diagnostic imaging --- Medical imaging --- Noninvasive medical imaging --- Diagnosis, Noninvasive --- Imaging systems in medicine

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Our new monograph has been inspired by the former one, Earthquake Source Asymmetry, Structural Media, and Rotation Effects (R. Teisseyre, M. Takeo, and E. Majewski, eds, Springer 2006). Some problems, c- cerned primarily but not exclusively with the basic theoretical nature, have appeared to us as worthy of further analysis. Thus, in the present mo- graph we intend to develop new theoretical approaches to the theory of continua that go far beyond the traditional seismological applications. We also try to present the links between the experimental data, the observed rotational seismic waves, and their theoretical evaluation and description. In addition, we consider the basic point motions and deformations, and we intend to find the invariant forms to describe such point motions. We believe that there must exist the basic equations for all point motions and deformations, and we derive such relations within a frame of a continuum theory. Thus, in the considered standard asymmetric theory, we include relations not only for the displacement velocities but also for a spin motion and basic point deformations as well. We include here the axial point - formation and twist point deformation represented by the string-string and string-membrane motions. A twist vector is defined here as a vector p- pendicular to the string-string plane and representing its magnitude. It - comes an important counterpart to spin and a key to the presented theory. We show in the forthcoming chapters that the twist motion describes the oscillations of shear axes.

Continuum mechanics. --- Earthquakes. --- Geophysics. --- Seismology. --- Shear waves. --- Solitons. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Pulses, Solitary wave --- Solitary wave pulses --- Wave pulses, Solitary --- Connections (Mathematics) --- Nonlinear theories --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Distortional waves --- Rotational waves --- S waves --- Secondary waves --- Transverse waves --- Waves, Distortional --- Waves, Rotational --- Waves, S --- Waves, Secondary --- Waves, Shear --- Waves, Transverse --- Elastic waves --- Seismography --- Geophysics --- Earthquakes --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Mechanics of continua --- Elasticity --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Field theory (Physics) --- Physical geography. --- Mechanics. --- Geography. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Cosmography --- World history --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Geography --- Fluids. --- Mathematical physics. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Physical mathematics --- Hydraulics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Mathematics