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This book is a collection of fundamental and applied research on the plant root response to environmental clues. In particular, the continued adaptation of both fine and coarse roots to modifications due to natural and anthropogenic causes were investigated from different viewpoints. Additionally, specific root traits were investigated as an optimal indicator of responses to the environment at the whole-plant level. Aspects such as an innovative methodological approach, the root morphology, gene expression, and primary and secondary metabolite concentrations were at the center of the investigations conducted in this collection.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- TIFY --- Populus trichocarpa --- protein interaction network --- phytohormone treatment --- abiotic stress --- bioengineering --- Carpinus betulus --- Fagus orientalis --- tensile force --- Acer pseudoplatanus --- competition below ground --- extracellular enzymes --- Fagus sylvatica --- intraspecific and interspecific competition --- toot economic spectrum --- toot respiration --- tree root traits --- soil compaction --- N loading --- fine root --- root morphology --- ectomycorrhizal fungi --- forest gap --- forest management --- fine roots --- morphology --- lignin --- carbon --- nitrogen --- hydro-fluctuation zone --- Three Gorges Dam Reservoir --- winter submergence --- Taxodium distichum --- Salix matsudana --- organic acids --- phosphorus deficiency --- T.‘Zhongshanshan’ --- root foraging ability for phosphorus --- anchorage --- coarse root --- measurement method --- Pinus thunbergii --- root cross-sectional area --- root system architecture --- morphological attributes --- physiological analysis --- Populus euramericana --- reforestation --- n/a --- T.'Zhongshanshan'

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This book is a collection of fundamental and applied research on the plant root response to environmental clues. In particular, the continued adaptation of both fine and coarse roots to modifications due to natural and anthropogenic causes were investigated from different viewpoints. Additionally, specific root traits were investigated as an optimal indicator of responses to the environment at the whole-plant level. Aspects such as an innovative methodological approach, the root morphology, gene expression, and primary and secondary metabolite concentrations were at the center of the investigations conducted in this collection.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- TIFY --- Populus trichocarpa --- protein interaction network --- phytohormone treatment --- abiotic stress --- bioengineering --- Carpinus betulus --- Fagus orientalis --- tensile force --- Acer pseudoplatanus --- competition below ground --- extracellular enzymes --- Fagus sylvatica --- intraspecific and interspecific competition --- toot economic spectrum --- toot respiration --- tree root traits --- soil compaction --- N loading --- fine root --- root morphology --- ectomycorrhizal fungi --- forest gap --- forest management --- fine roots --- morphology --- lignin --- carbon --- nitrogen --- hydro-fluctuation zone --- Three Gorges Dam Reservoir --- winter submergence --- Taxodium distichum --- Salix matsudana --- organic acids --- phosphorus deficiency --- T.'Zhongshanshan' --- root foraging ability for phosphorus --- anchorage --- coarse root --- measurement method --- Pinus thunbergii --- root cross-sectional area --- root system architecture --- morphological attributes --- physiological analysis --- Populus euramericana --- reforestation

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Horticultural research has been undergoing fundamental changes to improve crop plants as a result of the emergence of new biochemical and molecular techniques. In addition, integration of new technologies with the desire to develop more sustainable production systems has also spurred production level research. The highlighted Feature Papers here reflect the diversity of the types of research performed on horticultural plant species, spanning basic to applied studies, production systems, and postharvest studies, in addition to highlighting some critical issues facing horticultural plant species.

Olea europaea --- fat content --- fatty acid profile --- phenolic content --- volatile compounds --- hedgerow planting systems --- adaptive management --- conservation science --- Guam --- Mariana Islands --- Rota --- growing efficiency --- hydroponic nutrient solution --- raw material standardization --- soilless culture system --- system design --- brown rot --- inoculum application --- Monilinia --- phenotyping --- phenotypic instability --- stone fruit --- sweet cherry --- fruit growth --- hysteresis --- fruit maturation --- vapor pressure deficit (VPD) --- chilling requirement (CR) --- floral bud --- dormancy --- microsporogenesis --- relative growth rate (RGR) --- BBCH scale --- biological control --- cycad --- Cycas micronesica --- invasion biology --- gene silencing --- Huanglongbing --- sweet orange --- crop protection --- sustainability --- Capsicum annuum L. --- functional food --- pepper pre-breeding --- horticulture --- sensory analysis --- root development --- root morphology --- abiotic stress --- growth regulators --- biostimulants --- plant choice --- Capparis spinosa --- seed propagation --- vegetative propagation --- in vitro propagation --- Mediterranean basin --- crystals --- microscopy --- mycorrhizal fungi --- orchids --- suspensor --- n/a

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We would like to provide the scientists a set of studies entitled "Study of the Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors on Horticultural Plants". The reprint book contains 12 papers about the influence of the stress factors on the plant growth and soil parameters. Authors descripted the impact of the biotic and abiotic stress factors (i.e., high, and low temperature, salt, inorganic pollutants such as salts, heavy metals, phosphite, as well as irrigation) on the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes occurring in the plants at the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole plant level. The subject of these studies were different plant species, i.e., watermelon, lettuce, kale, potato, grapevine, hops, orchid, strawberry, and boxwood. The ideas of the papers can be divided into five topics: (1) achieving better quality of plant material for food production by changes made in the growth conditions, metabolic and genetic modifications; (2) increasing the plant resistance to environmental stresses by application of exogenous compounds of different chemical character; (3) reducing plant stress caused by anthropogenic activity applying nonmodified and genetically modified plants; (4) mitigating drought stress by irrigation; and 5) the positive effect of plant growth-promoting microorganisms on horticulture plants performance during drought stress.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- abiotic stress --- strawberry --- companion plants --- phytoremediation --- cold stress --- cold-responsive genes --- anti-oxidants --- proline --- malondialdehyde --- hormone profiling --- 5-aminolevulinic acid --- Buxus megistophylla --- chlorophyll fast fluorescence characteristics --- mineral nutrition --- urban road greening --- orchid --- transformed ecosystems --- fly ash --- metals --- adaptive responses --- water exchange --- leaf mesostructure --- photosynthetic pigments --- photosynthesis --- plant introduction --- grapevine --- maximum daily shrinkage --- daily increase --- stem water potential --- leaf relative water content --- signal intensity --- Humulus lupulus L. --- soil porosity --- soil bulk density --- liming --- hop ridges --- Vitis spp. --- piwi cultivars --- disease-resistant varieties --- malic acid --- ripening --- fruit composition --- downy mildew --- phosphite stress --- antioxidant enzyme --- hydrogen peroxide --- root morphology --- potato --- genotypes --- Brassica oleracea var. acephala --- short-term cold stress --- phytochemicals --- pigments --- antioxidant enzymes --- chitosan (CTS) --- lettuce --- salinity --- soluble sugars --- climate change --- drought stress --- biopreparations --- plant stimulation --- plant growth-promoting microorganisms --- watermelon --- rootstock --- gene expression

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The rising shortage of water resources in crop-producing regions worldwide and the need for irrigation optimisation call for sustainable water savings. The allocation of irrigation water will be an ever-increasing source of pressure because of vast agricultural demands under changing climatic conditions. Consequently, irrigation has to be closely linked with water-use efficiency with the aim of boosting productivity and improving food quality, singularly in those regions where problems of water shortages or collection and delivery are widespread. The present Special Issue (SI) showcases 19 original contributions, addressing water-use efficiency in the context of sustainable irrigation management to meet water scarcity conditions. These papers cover a wide range of subjects including (i) interaction mineral nutrition and irrigation in horticultural crops, (ii) sustainable irrigation in woody fruit crops, (iii) medicinal plants, (iv) industrial crops, and (v) other topics devoted to remote sensing techniques and crop water requirements, genotypes for drought tolerance, and agricultural management. The studies were carried out in both field and laboratory surveys, with modelling studies also being conducted, and a wide range of geographic regions are also covered. The collection of these manuscripts presented in this SI updates on and provides a relevant contribution for efficient saving water resources.

fruit size --- Manzanilla --- olive --- regulated deficit irrigation --- water potential --- water relation --- leaf area --- Manihot esculenta --- photosynthesis --- tuber --- water status --- antioxidant capacity --- bioactive compounds --- growth --- hydroxycinnamic acids --- hydroponics --- preformed plastic mulch film --- crop water productivity --- biodegradation --- crop productivity --- spray-on mulch --- water use efficiency --- almond cultivars --- crop physiological response --- irrigation water productivity --- nut yield --- drip irrigation --- silicon --- mineral nutrients --- oxidative stress --- osmolytes --- yield --- Zea mays --- ERP --- GIS --- internet of things --- precision agriculture --- quality --- environment --- water --- software --- platform --- web application --- crop coefficient --- drought stress --- evapotranspiration --- maize --- water productivity --- Prunus dulcis --- Vairo --- water stress --- sustained deficit irrigation --- quality markers --- leaf greenness index --- root morphology --- almond quality --- sustainability --- marketability --- semiarid Mediterranean environment --- root components --- yield components --- fruit quality --- deficit irrigation --- leaf area index --- harvest index --- photosynthetic rate --- transpiration rate --- greenhouse --- in vitro culture --- apple --- cherries --- midday stem water potential --- sap flow --- stomatal conductance --- FDR probes and daily fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation --- abiotic stress --- Linum album Ky. ex Boiss. --- morphological properties --- phenology --- pigments --- diversity --- root length density --- root weight density --- root-shoot relationships --- benefit-cost ratio --- nitrogen --- root growth --- tomato --- water saving --- Jerusalem artichoke --- mineral fertilization --- irrigation --- diseases --- fungi --- crop suitability --- remote sensing --- ALES-Arid --- SEBAL --- landsat --- crop-water requirements --- smart farming --- crop-production functions --- food quality --- crop physiological response to drought scenarios