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Estimating Poverty in Kinshasa by Dealing with Sampling and Comparability Issues
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

This paper proposes monetary poverty and inequality estimates for Kinshasa using a new Kinshasa household survey implemented in 2018. Given the obsolescence of the sampling frame, the survey was sampled using satellite imagery. However, the collection of data in the field was affected by sampling errors that are likely to compromise the representativeness of the sample. After addressing these sampling issues and dealing with some comparability issues with the 2012 survey, the paper shows that poverty and inequality increased significantly during 2012-18 in Kinshasa. Poverty has increased in the city by 12 percentage points, from 53 to 65 percent, partly due to the loss of purchasing power following the sharp depreciation in 2017. Other explanatory factors include demographic factors, human capital, and spatial factors. The deterioration in well-being also appears to have been exacerbated by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic through decline in labor and nonlabor income and disruptions in goods and services markets and public services.


Book
Optimization and Communication in UAV Networks
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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UAVs are becoming a reality and attract increasing attention. They can be remotely controlled or completely autonomous and be used alone or as a fleet and in a large set of applications. They are constrained by hardware since they cannot be too heavy and rely on batteries. Their use still raises a large set of exciting new challenges in terms of trajectory optimization and positioning when they are used alone or in cooperation, and communication when they evolve in swarm, to name but a few examples. This book presents some new original contributions regarding UAV or UAV swarm optimization and communication aspects.


Book
Optimization and Communication in UAV Networks
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

UAVs are becoming a reality and attract increasing attention. They can be remotely controlled or completely autonomous and be used alone or as a fleet and in a large set of applications. They are constrained by hardware since they cannot be too heavy and rely on batteries. Their use still raises a large set of exciting new challenges in terms of trajectory optimization and positioning when they are used alone or in cooperation, and communication when they evolve in swarm, to name but a few examples. This book presents some new original contributions regarding UAV or UAV swarm optimization and communication aspects.


Book
Efficiency and Sustainability of the Distributed Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The climate changes that are visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems, and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this book presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on energy internet, blockchain technology, and smart contracts, we hope that they are of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.


Book
Optimization and Communication in UAV Networks
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

UAVs are becoming a reality and attract increasing attention. They can be remotely controlled or completely autonomous and be used alone or as a fleet and in a large set of applications. They are constrained by hardware since they cannot be too heavy and rely on batteries. Their use still raises a large set of exciting new challenges in terms of trajectory optimization and positioning when they are used alone or in cooperation, and communication when they evolve in swarm, to name but a few examples. This book presents some new original contributions regarding UAV or UAV swarm optimization and communication aspects.

Keywords

Information technology industries --- direction-of-arrival estimation --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- UAV swarm --- aperiodic arrays --- MUSIC --- Cramer–Rao bound --- stochastic system --- configuration control --- multiplicative noises --- dynamic model --- stochastic robustness analysis and design --- wireless sensor networks --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- mission completion time --- trajectory planning --- UAV secure communication --- secrecy rate maximization --- jamming --- trajectory design --- power control --- sensors --- data collection utility --- GPS measurement --- UAV --- 3D models --- measurement precision --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- cooperative communication --- topology structure --- complex field network coding (CFNC) --- edge computing --- internet of things --- mobile robots --- resource allocation --- control co-design --- data offloading --- UAV-enabled computing --- resource-based pricing --- risk-awareness --- multi-access edge computing systems --- UAV fleet --- energy consumption --- self-organization --- algorithms --- optimization --- UAV replacement --- multiple unmanned aerial vehicles --- mobile nodes --- data collection --- collision-free --- synchronized multi-agent formation --- decentralized sliding mode control --- drones --- wireless --- swarm --- communication --- direction-of-arrival estimation --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- UAV swarm --- aperiodic arrays --- MUSIC --- Cramer–Rao bound --- stochastic system --- configuration control --- multiplicative noises --- dynamic model --- stochastic robustness analysis and design --- wireless sensor networks --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- mission completion time --- trajectory planning --- UAV secure communication --- secrecy rate maximization --- jamming --- trajectory design --- power control --- sensors --- data collection utility --- GPS measurement --- UAV --- 3D models --- measurement precision --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- cooperative communication --- topology structure --- complex field network coding (CFNC) --- edge computing --- internet of things --- mobile robots --- resource allocation --- control co-design --- data offloading --- UAV-enabled computing --- resource-based pricing --- risk-awareness --- multi-access edge computing systems --- UAV fleet --- energy consumption --- self-organization --- algorithms --- optimization --- UAV replacement --- multiple unmanned aerial vehicles --- mobile nodes --- data collection --- collision-free --- synchronized multi-agent formation --- decentralized sliding mode control --- drones --- wireless --- swarm --- communication


Book
Efficiency and Sustainability of the Distributed Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Based on the Energy Internet, Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The climate changes that are visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems, and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this book presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on energy internet, blockchain technology, and smart contracts, we hope that they are of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- irrigation system --- photovoltaic water pumping systems (PWPS) --- floating photovoltaic panels --- SCADA --- blockchain --- SolarCoin --- power factor --- reactive power --- capacitance --- harmonics --- telemetry --- Industry 4.0 --- battery management --- electric vehicle --- state of charge estimation --- Internet of Things --- smart contract --- Ethereum --- IOTA --- artificial intelligence --- information security --- UN sustainable development goals --- UN SDGs --- carbon trading --- dApp --- M2V --- IPFS --- charging scheduling --- Great-Circle Distance --- local electricity market --- smart grids --- energy crowdsourcing --- renewable energy sources --- prosumers --- blockchain technology --- energy poverty --- smart contracts --- hybrid power system --- nano-grid --- fuel cell --- fuel economy --- power tracking --- optimization --- droop control --- mesh microgrids --- power sharing --- synchronization --- system stability --- robustness analysis --- constant power load --- reconfiguration --- controller design analysis --- networked control systems (NCSs) --- network security --- delays --- sampling --- energy grids --- energy producers --- cold spinning reserve --- DLT --- brokerage --- SMEs --- energy optimisation --- interleaved boost converter --- DC/DC converter --- hybrid electric boat --- energy storage system (ESS) --- RST control --- irrigation system --- photovoltaic water pumping systems (PWPS) --- floating photovoltaic panels --- SCADA --- blockchain --- SolarCoin --- power factor --- reactive power --- capacitance --- harmonics --- telemetry --- Industry 4.0 --- battery management --- electric vehicle --- state of charge estimation --- Internet of Things --- smart contract --- Ethereum --- IOTA --- artificial intelligence --- information security --- UN sustainable development goals --- UN SDGs --- carbon trading --- dApp --- M2V --- IPFS --- charging scheduling --- Great-Circle Distance --- local electricity market --- smart grids --- energy crowdsourcing --- renewable energy sources --- prosumers --- blockchain technology --- energy poverty --- smart contracts --- hybrid power system --- nano-grid --- fuel cell --- fuel economy --- power tracking --- optimization --- droop control --- mesh microgrids --- power sharing --- synchronization --- system stability --- robustness analysis --- constant power load --- reconfiguration --- controller design analysis --- networked control systems (NCSs) --- network security --- delays --- sampling --- energy grids --- energy producers --- cold spinning reserve --- DLT --- brokerage --- SMEs --- energy optimisation --- interleaved boost converter --- DC/DC converter --- hybrid electric boat --- energy storage system (ESS) --- RST control

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