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The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- woody biomass crops --- bioenergy --- biodiversity --- species richness --- flora --- vascular plants --- short rotation coppices --- poplars --- willows --- feeding simulation --- defoliation --- herbivory --- short rotation coppice --- phosphatase activity --- nutrient content --- growth stages --- biomass --- willow --- Salix --- capacity --- European larch --- fast-growing trees --- plantations --- plantation area --- poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” --- sown area --- biomass production --- life cycle assessment --- climate impact --- soil organic carbon --- genotypic difference --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- genome editing --- Populus --- INRA 717-1B4 --- pyramidal plant habitus --- leaf petiole angle --- branch angle --- nitrogen --- phosphorus --- carbon --- physiology --- F. mandshurica --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- photosynthetic vitality --- chlorophyll and phenol content --- nutrition supply --- dry matter yield --- land reclamation --- spring pruning --- year-long pruning --- branching --- angle diversion of sprout --- dry matter losses --- poplar wood chips --- laboratory scale --- cultivable saproxylic microbiota --- n/a --- poplar cultivar "Hybrid 275"

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The long-term productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the cycling of nutrients. The effect of carbon dioxide fertilization on forest productivity may ultimately be limited by the rate of nutrient cycling. Contemporary and future disturbances such as climatic warming, N-deposition, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, fire (both wild and controlled), and the invasion of exotic species all place strains on the integrity of ecosystem nutrient cycling. Global differences in climate, soils, and species make it difficult to extrapolate even a single important study worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of nutrient cycling and carbon production in forests, many questions remain. The chapters in this volume reflect many contemporary research priorities. The thirteen studies in this volume are arranged in the following subject groups: • N and P resorption from foliage worldwide, along chronosequences and along elevation gradients; • Litter production and decomposition; • N and P stoichiometry as affected by N deposition, geographic gradients, species changes, and ecosystem restoration; • Effects of N and P addition on understory biomass, litter, and soil; • Effects of burning on soil nutrients; • Effects of N addition on soil fauna.

leaf stoichiometry --- Cyclocarya paliurus --- geographic variations --- natural populations --- climate variables --- nitrogen --- phosphorus --- N:P ratio --- soil stoichiometry --- soil nutrient --- nutrient limitations --- natural grassland --- natural forest --- soil fauna --- N addition --- soil profile --- community structure --- food resources --- poplar plantations --- experimental nitrogen addition --- understory plant growth --- plant nutrient --- nonstructural carbohydrates --- Alpine treeline --- Nitrogen --- Non-structural carbohydrates --- Phosphorus --- Potassium --- Remobilization --- Storage --- Upper limits --- nutrient resorption --- nitrogen and phosphorous --- planted forests --- climate zones --- plant functional types --- precipitation --- green leaf nutrient --- nitrogen deposition --- N and P colimitation --- leaf N:P stoichiometry --- soil N:P stoichiometry --- seasonal variations --- nutrition resorption --- ecological stoichiometry --- plant-soil feedback --- stand age --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- forests --- nutrients --- disturbance --- management --- diversity --- biomass --- soil properties --- experimental fires --- UV-spectroscopy analysis --- thermal infrared thermometer --- nitrogen and phosphorus addition --- understory plants --- stoichiometric ratio --- litter decomposition --- litter standing crop carbon --- conversion coefficient --- climatic factors --- Tibetan Plateau --- shrublands --- Cunninghamia lanceolata --- mixture effect --- nutrient cycling --- rhizosphere effect --- species competition

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new platforms that have been increasingly used in the last few years for forestry applications that benefit from the added value of flexibility, low cost, reliability, autonomy, and capability of timely provision of high-resolution data. The main adopted image-based technologies are RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared. LiDAR sensors are becoming commonly used to improve the estimation of relevant plant traits. In comparison with other permanent ecosystems, forests are particularly affected by climatic changes due to the longevity of the trees, and the primary objective is the conservation and protection of forests. Nevertheless, forestry and agriculture involve the cultivation of renewable raw materials, with the difference that forestry is less tied to economic aspects and this is reflected by the delay in using new monitoring technologies. The main forestry applications are aimed toward inventory of resources, map diseases, species classification, fire monitoring, and spatial gap estimation. This Special Issue focuses on new technologies (UAV and sensors) and innovative data elaboration methodologies (object recognition and machine vision) for applications in forestry.

unmanned aerial vehicles --- seedling detection --- forest regeneration --- reforestation --- establishment survey --- machine learning --- multispectral classification --- UAV photogrammetry --- forest modeling --- ancient trees measurement --- tree age prediction --- Mauritia flexuosa --- semantic segmentation --- end-to-end learning --- convolutional neural network --- forest inventory --- Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) --- structure from motion (SfM) --- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) --- Photogrammetry --- Thematic Mapping --- Accuracy Assessment --- Reference Data --- Forest Sampling --- Remote Sensing --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- reproduction --- spreading --- short rotation coppice --- unmanned aerial system (UAS) --- object-based image analysis (OBIA) --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- juniper woodlands --- ecohydrology --- remote sensing --- unmanned aerial systems --- central Oregon --- rangelands --- seedling stand inventorying --- photogrammetric point clouds --- hyperspectral imagery --- leaf-off --- leaf-on --- UAV --- multispectral image --- forest fire --- burn severity --- classification --- precision agriculture --- biomass evaluation --- image processing --- Castanea sativa --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) --- precision forestry --- forestry applications --- RGB imagery

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new platforms that have been increasingly used in the last few years for forestry applications that benefit from the added value of flexibility, low cost, reliability, autonomy, and capability of timely provision of high-resolution data. The main adopted image-based technologies are RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared. LiDAR sensors are becoming commonly used to improve the estimation of relevant plant traits. In comparison with other permanent ecosystems, forests are particularly affected by climatic changes due to the longevity of the trees, and the primary objective is the conservation and protection of forests. Nevertheless, forestry and agriculture involve the cultivation of renewable raw materials, with the difference that forestry is less tied to economic aspects and this is reflected by the delay in using new monitoring technologies. The main forestry applications are aimed toward inventory of resources, map diseases, species classification, fire monitoring, and spatial gap estimation. This Special Issue focuses on new technologies (UAV and sensors) and innovative data elaboration methodologies (object recognition and machine vision) for applications in forestry.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- seedling detection --- forest regeneration --- reforestation --- establishment survey --- machine learning --- multispectral classification --- UAV photogrammetry --- forest modeling --- ancient trees measurement --- tree age prediction --- Mauritia flexuosa --- semantic segmentation --- end-to-end learning --- convolutional neural network --- forest inventory --- Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) --- structure from motion (SfM) --- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) --- Photogrammetry --- Thematic Mapping --- Accuracy Assessment --- Reference Data --- Forest Sampling --- Remote Sensing --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- reproduction --- spreading --- short rotation coppice --- unmanned aerial system (UAS) --- object-based image analysis (OBIA) --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- juniper woodlands --- ecohydrology --- remote sensing --- unmanned aerial systems --- central Oregon --- rangelands --- seedling stand inventorying --- photogrammetric point clouds --- hyperspectral imagery --- leaf-off --- leaf-on --- UAV --- multispectral image --- forest fire --- burn severity --- classification --- precision agriculture --- biomass evaluation --- image processing --- Castanea sativa --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) --- precision forestry --- forestry applications --- RGB imagery

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As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with a multitude of natural and anthropogenic forms of stress in their environment. Due to their longevity, this is of particular significance for trees. As a consequence, trees develop an orchestra of resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to support their growth and development in a constantly changing atmospheric and pedospheric environment. The objective of this Special Issue of Forests is to summarize state-of-art knowledge and report the current progress on the processes that determine the resilience and resistance of trees from different zonobiomes as well as all forms of biotic and abiotic stress from the molecular to the whole tree level.

pure stands --- n/a --- ion relation --- Heterobasidion annosum --- salicylic acid --- antioxidant enzymes --- antioxidant activity --- Luquasorb --- intrinsic water-use efficiency --- Greece --- Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. --- ion homeostasis --- photosynthesis --- Pinus massoniana --- Stockosorb --- water relations --- Norway spruce --- rubber tree --- hydrophilic polymers --- drought stress --- ion relationships --- Carpinus betulus --- tree rings --- N nutrition --- disturbance --- Populus simonii Carr. (poplar) --- infection --- subcellular localization --- basal area increment --- mixed stands --- photosynthetic responses --- Aleppo pine --- water potential --- elevation gradient --- living cell --- physiological response --- antioxidant enzyme activity --- ion contents --- signal network --- expression --- soil N --- GA-signaling pathway --- differentially expressed genes --- Ca2+ signal --- climate --- ecophysiology --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- Heterobasidion parviporum --- mid-term --- plant tolerance --- canopy conductance --- DELLA --- tapping panel dryness --- osmotic adjustment substances --- abiotic stress --- wood formation --- malondialdehyde --- salinity treatments --- organic osmolytes --- bamboo forest --- non-structural carbohydrate --- Abies alba Mill. --- tree --- salt stress --- Populus euphratica --- proline --- nutrition --- Carpinus turczaninowii --- plasma membrane Ca2+ channels --- gene regulation --- pathogen --- TCP --- forest type --- functional analysis --- Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. --- long-term drought --- defense response --- cold stress --- silicon fertilization --- gas exchange --- Fagus sylvatica L. --- glutaredoxin --- water availability --- 24-epiBL application --- Konjac glucomannan --- leaf properties --- reactive oxygen species --- sap flow --- ?13C --- salinity --- morphological indices --- chloroplast ultrastructure --- Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) --- drought --- soluble sugar --- molecular cloning --- starch --- growth