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the new atheism --- religion --- violence --- reason --- rationality of beliefs --- science --- God --- Richard Dawkins --- Daniel Dennett --- Sam Harris --- Christopher Hitchens --- 'New Enlightenment'

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Interest in theories of religion has never been greater. Scholars debate single theoretical approaches in different scholarly journals, while the 'new atheists' such as Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett criticize the whole idea of religion. For everyone eager to understand the current state of the field, Contemporary Theories of Religion surveys the neglected landscape in its totality.Michael Stausberg brings together leading scholars of the field to review and discuss seventeen contemporary theories of religion. As well as scholars of religion, it features anthropologists,

Religion. --- 291 <03> --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend--Naslagwerken. Referentiewerken --- Religion --- theories of religion --- religion --- religious landscape --- religious assumptions --- anthropomorphism --- animism --- religious economy --- rational choice --- Niklas Luhmann --- Andrew Newberg --- Eugene D'Aquili --- Vince Rause --- Pascal Boyer --- Ilka Pyysiäinen --- Scott Atran --- David Sloan Wilson --- Darwin --- David Lewis-Williams --- David Pearce --- Thomas Tweed --- Loyal Rue --- Daniel Dennett --- Richard Dawkins --- Martin Riesebrodt

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The idea that we might be robots is no longer the stuff of science fiction; decades of research in evolutionary biology and cognitive science have led many esteemed scientists to the conclusion that, according to the precepts of universal Darwinism, humans are merely the hosts for two replicators (genes and memes) that have no interest in us except as conduits for replication. Richard Dawkins, for example, jolted us into realizing that we are just survival mechanisms for our own genes, sophisticated robots in service of huge colonies of replicators to whom concepts of rationality, intelligence, agency, and even the human soul are irrelevant. Accepting and now forcefully responding to this decentering and disturbing idea, Keith Stanovich here provides the tools for the "robot's rebellion," a program of cognitive reform necessary to advance human interests over the limited interest of the replicators and define our own autonomous goals as individual human beings. He shows how concepts of rational thinking from cognitive science interact with the logic of evolution to create opportunities for humans to structure their behavior to serve their own ends. These evaluative activities of the brain, he argues, fulfill the need that we have to ascribe significance to human life. We may well be robots, but we are the only robots who have discovered that fact. Only by recognizing ourselves as such, argues Stanovich, can we begin to construct a concept of self based on what is truly singular about humans: that they gain control of their lives in a way unique among life forms on Earth-through rational self-determination.

Philosophical anthropology. --- Evolutionary psychology. --- Meaning (Philosophy) --- darwin, meaning, evolution, creation, purpose, ontology, nonfiction, religion, philosophy, robot, evolutionary biology, cognitive science, cognition, genes, memes, replication, reproduction, survival mechanisms, rationality, agency, intelligence, soul, human nature, richard dawkins, brain, significance, self, self-determination, anthropology, psychology, autonomy, reason, desire, preference, constraint, threats, capitalism.

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"Enlightenment-era writers had not yet come to take technology for granted, but nonetheless were--as we are today--both attracted to and repelled by its potential. This volume registers the deep history of such ambivalence, examining technology's influence on Enlightenment British literature, as well as the impact of literature on conceptions of, attitudes toward, and implementations of technology. Offering a counterbalance to the abundance of studies on literature and science in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain, this volume's focus encompasses approaches to literary history that help us understand technologies like the steam engine and the telegraph along with representations of technology in literature such as the "political machine." Contributors ultimately show how literature across genres provided important sites for Enlightenment readers to recognize themselves as "chimeras"--"hybrids of machine and organism," and to explore the modern self as "a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction.""--

Literature and technology. --- English literature --- English literature --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism. --- literature and technology, literature and Enlightenment, literature and science, eighteenth-century technology, eighteenth-century literature, Mary Hearne, Daniel Defoe, John Webster, The Changeling, Three Hours after Marriage, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver’s third voyage, Anthropocene, William Hogarth, James Watt, Laurence Sterne, Horace Walpole, queer temporality, queer theory, Maria Edgeworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, Richard Dawkins, Royal Society, History of technology.

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This is a concise, comprehensive, and accessible introduction to the philosophy of biology written by a leading authority on the subject. Geared to philosophers, biologists, and students of both, the book provides sophisticated and innovative coverage of the central topics and many of the latest developments in the field. Emphasizing connections between biological theories and other areas of philosophy, and carefully explaining both philosophical and biological terms, Peter Godfrey-Smith discusses the relation between philosophy and science; examines the role of laws, mechanistic explanation, and idealized models in biological theories; describes evolution by natural selection; and assesses attempts to extend Darwin’s mechanism to explain changes in ideas, culture, and other phenomena. Further topics include functions and teleology, individuality and organisms, species, the tree of life, and human nature. The book closes with detailed, cutting-edge treatments of the evolution of cooperation, of information in biology, and of the role of communication in living systems at all scales.Authoritative and up-to-date, this is an essential guide for anyone interested in the important philosophical issues raised by the biological sciences.

Biology --- Philosophy --- Biology - Philosophy --- Vitalism --- Philosophy. --- Allele. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Asexual reproduction. --- Bacteria. --- Behavior. --- Ben Kerr. --- Biological Theory (journal). --- Biologist. --- Biology. --- Causality. --- Cell biology. --- Cell division. --- Ceteris paribus. --- Charles Darwin. --- Chromosome. --- Cistron. --- Cladistics. --- Common descent. --- Computation. --- Cooperation. --- Copying. --- Darwinism. --- Derek. --- Developmental biology. --- Ecology. --- Elliott Sober. --- Emergence. --- Eukaryote. --- Evolution of the eye. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary game theory. --- Explanation. --- Fitness (biology). --- Further (bus). --- Gene Frequency. --- Gene expression. --- Gene pool. --- Gene product. --- Gene. --- Genotype. --- Gregor Mendel. --- Harvard University. --- Idealization. --- Interactor. --- John Maynard Smith. --- Kim Sterelny. --- Kin selection. --- Kleiber's law. --- Kritika (journal). --- Marc Ereshefsky. --- Mating. --- Mendelian inheritance. --- Metabolism. --- Model organism. --- Molecular biology. --- Molecule. --- Multicellular organism. --- Natural selection. --- Nucleic acid sequence. --- Nucleotide. --- On the Origin of Species. --- Organism. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic plasticity. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy of biology. --- Philosophy of science. --- Phylogenetics. --- Phylum. --- Physical law. --- Plant breeding. --- Prisoner's dilemma. --- Probability. --- Protein. --- RNA. --- Regulation of gene expression. --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive success. --- Result. --- Ribosome. --- Richard Dawkins. --- Scientist. --- Sexual reproduction. --- Single-nucleotide polymorphism. --- Skillings. --- Species. --- Spontaneous generation. --- Stanford University. --- Student (magazine). --- The Philosopher. --- Theory. --- Trade-off. --- Trait theory. --- Unit of selection. --- Universal Darwinism. --- Weisberg. --- Willi Hennig. --- Writing.