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"When multinational corporations cause mass harms to lives, livelihoods, and the environment in developing countries, it is nearly impossible for victims to find a court that can and will issue an enforceable judgment. In this work, Professor Maya Steinitz presents a detailed rationale for the creation of an International Court of Civil Justice (ICCJ) to hear such transnational mass tort cases. The world's legal systems were not designed to solve these kinds of complex transnational disputes, and the absence of mechanisms to ensure coordination means that victims try, but fail, to find justice in country after country, court after court. The Case for an International Court of Civil Justice explains how an ICCJ would provide victims with access to justice and corporate defendants with a non-corrupt forum and an end to the cost and uncertainty of unending litigation - more efficiently resolving the most complicated types of civil litigation"--

Class actions (Civil procedure). --- Complex litigation. --- International courts. --- Liability for environmental damages. --- Liability for human rights violations. --- Tort liability of corporations. --- Liability for human rights violations --- Class actions (Civil procedure) --- International courts --- Sociétés --- Responsabilité pour violation des droits de l'homme --- Responsabilité pour dommages à l'environnement --- Instances complexes --- Recours collectifs (Procédure civile) --- Tribunaux internationaux --- Responsabilité civile

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"There has been much debate in recent years about the role of non-state actors in international law. Whereas their presence is undisputedly acknowledged, their status and legal accountability remains unsettled. In many areas of public international law, harm is now significantly often caused by actors other than states.1 Terrorist groups threaten the territorial integrity of states; private security companies are involved in armed conflicts; individual hackers initiate cyber-attacks; and multinational corporations cause transboundary environmental harm or business-related human rights violations. Nonetheless, international treaties and customary international law still assign rights and duties almost exclusively to states. Outside of international criminal law, there are but few attempts to establish individual responsibility. On the other hand, state responsibility only arises if an international obligation is breached and that breach is attributable to a state whereas only the actions of state organs acting in their official capacity may implicate state responsibility and the conduct of private individuals usually does not. Such conduct may be attributed if private citizens act as so-called de facto organs or a state acknowledges their behavior as its own - which occurs rather rarely. The nature of state responsibility is inherently restorative with the primary objective to maintain or restore an equilibrium between equal and sovereign states"--

International law and human rights. --- Liability for human rights violations. --- International law and human rights --- Droit international et droits de l'homme --- Liability for human rights violations --- Responsabilité pour violation des droits de l'homme --- Droits de l'homme (droit international) --- Violation des droits de l'homme --- Responsabilité. --- Responsabilité.

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Armed groups have played a predominant role in the violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law committed in conflict settings. The increase in the number of non-international armed conflicts during the past decades has emphasised the need to address the multiple legal challenges posed by the actions of armed groups. In particular, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the framework of responsibility for armed groups in international law. While much has been written regarding their international (primary) obligations, the possibility of developing a responsibility framework for armed groups under international law has been underexplored. Consequently, the aim of this book is to examine how the principles of international responsibility could be developed and adjusted to account for armed groups as collective entities.This general aim has been divided into three specific objectives. First, the book analyses the concept of responsibility in international law and assesses the legal and practical reasons in favour of developing such a regime for armed groups. Second, it examines the viability of establishing a responsibility regime for armed groups based on rules of attribution. Third, it explores the possible legal consequences of responsibility applicable to armed groups, with a particular focus on the obligation to provide reparations to victims. In doing so, this book will argue that certain non-traditional sources of international law could be used to interpret and adapt international law to the current conditions of contemporary armed conflict.

Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- Human rights --- Militia --- Insurgency --- International law. --- Humanitarian law. --- Human rights. --- Law and legislation. --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Acteurs non étatiques (Relations internationales) --- Liability for human rights violations. --- Responsabilité pour violation des droits de l'homme --- Government liability (International law) --- Etat --- Intervention (International law) --- Intervention (Droit international) --- War (International law) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Militia movements --- Milices --- Responsabilité (Droit international) --- Law and legislation --- Droit