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This Monograph provides an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and other viral respiratory infections, including seasonal influenza, avian influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus, through six chapters written by authoritative experts from around the globe.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first identified half a century ago in 1956. Following its discovery, the virus soon became recognised as a major viral pathogen causing extensive outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in both the very young and in vulnerable adults. It is an unusual virus in that it can cause repeated reinfections throughout life. The topics covered within this volume are wide ranging in scope from the most basic molecular biology of the virus to the clinical picture of RSV in the developing world. The internationally recognised experts were invited not only to revi

Respiratory organs --- Respiratory syncytial virus. --- Diseases. --- Pseudomyxoviruses --- Respiratory diseases --- Paramyxoviruses

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Bronchiolitis is a viral-induced respiratory infection that is commonly encountered in infants. It starts with symptoms of a cold and cough. After a few days, it can be associated with respiratory distress and is often accompanied by difficulty feeding. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause. A visit to the doctor is recommended to diagnose the disease, to exclude symptoms that may require hospitalization and to prescribe appropriate treatment. Treatment of bronchiolitis in infants is mostly outpatient; hospitalization is required only in a small percentage of cases. It is mainly symptomatic and consists of comfort measures such as adequate hydration, adequate food, clearing of the nasal passages and treatment of fever. Chest physiotherapy is often prescribed because of respiratory congestion but its effectiveness is debated. Pharmacological treatment, although widely prescribed, is also controversial. Ribavirin, an antiviral agent active against RSV, is the only curative treatment existing but its use is recommended only in a limited number of cases, in hospitals. The administration of bronchodilators and corticosteroids is based on the pathophysiology of the disease but no clinical studies have shown benefits. Treatment under medical supervision is recommended in some patients because of potential allergic reactions. Antitussives and mucolytics are, meanwhile, banned for infants. Prevention such as hygiene measures is essential, especially in nurseries or hospitals, as well as the administration of palivizumab in children at risk. The pharmacist’s role is essential in the management of bronchiolitis. His advice are useful when a treatment has been prescribed but also when parents come to ask for a medicine to relieve respiratory symptoms of their child. His knowledge of the warning signs and risk groups enables a proper (and fast) orientation of treatment for these sick infants La bronchiolite est une infection respiratoire d’origine virale qui est couramment rencontrée chez le nourrisson. Elle se manifeste initialement par un rhume et de la toux qui, après quelques jours, peuvent être associées à une détresse respiratoire, souvent accompagnée d’une difficulté pour s’alimenter. Le virus respiratoire syncitial (VRS) est le principal pathogène responsable. Une consultation chez le médecin s’impose afin de poser le diagnostic de la maladie, d’exclure tout signe de gravité qui nécessiterait une hospitalisation et de prescrire un traitement adapté. Le traitement de la bronchiolite du nourrisson se fait la plupart du temps en ambulatoire, une hospitalisation étant requise dans un faible pourcentage des cas. Il est principalement symptomatique et consiste en des mesures de confort que sont une bonne hydratation, une alimentation adéquate, le dégagement des voies nasales et le traitement de la fièvre. Des séances de kinésithérapie respiratoire sont souvent prescrites en raison de l’encombrement des voies respiratoires mais son efficacité est discutée. Le traitement pharmacologique, bien que largement prescrit, est lui aussi controversé. La ribavirine, un agent antiviral efficace contre le VRS, est le seul traitement curatif existant; son utilisation n’est recommandée que dans des cas limités, en milieu hospitalier. L’administration de bronchodilatateurs et de corticoïdes se base sur la physiopathologie de la maladie mais aucune étude clinique n’en a démontré les bénéfices; un traitement sous contrôle médical est justifié chez certains malades en raison de la possibilité d’un terrain allergique sous-jacent. Antitussifs et mucolytiques sont, quant à eux, proscrits chez les nourrissons. La prévention consiste en des mesures d’hygiène, indispensables dans les crèches ou à l’hôpital, et en l’administration de palivizumab chez les enfants à risque. Le rôle du pharmacien est essentiel dans la prise en charge des bronchiolites. Ses conseils sont utiles quand un traitement a été prescrit mais aussi lorsque des parents viennent demander un médicament pour soulager les symptômes respiratoires de leur enfant Sa connaissance des signes d’alarme et des groupes à risque permet une orientation optimale (et rapide) de ces nourrissons malades

Bronchiolitis --- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, human --- Infant, Newborn --- Infant

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Immunology --- Respiratory Syncytial Virus --- RSV --- acute lower respiratory tract infections --- ALRI --- RSV vaccine --- Respiratory Syncytial Virus --- RSV --- acute lower respiratory tract infections --- ALRI --- RSV vaccine

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Respiratory Syncytial Virus --- RSV --- acute lower respiratory tract infections --- ALRI --- RSV vaccine