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Rapid advances in molecular medicine have led to pronounced new developments in experimental and clinical cardiology.  In the embrace of modern molecular biology and bridging the gap between the clinical and the genomic, cardiovascular medicine has seen major strides in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression.  The ability to rapidly identify candidate human genes for cardiovascular diseases lends itself to the development of diverse strategies for disease treatment and management.  The wide variety of gene expressions proffers excellent targets for novel therapeutics.  Gene therapy is steadily increasing in viability and represents a fascinating arena of research and clinical focus.   This book is based on two international Mendel symposia on “Genes and the Heart,” joint meetings of the Japanese and European sections of the International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences.  Highlighting selected symposia contributions, this book explores the role of molecular biology and genetics in the basic knowledge, genesis, and clinical interventions of cardiovascular diseases.

Respiration -- Regulation -- Congresses. --- Respiration -- Regulation. --- Cardiovascular system --- Diseases --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetics --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetic aspects --- Heart --- Diseases. --- Cardiac diseases --- Heart diseases --- Medicine. --- Cardiology. --- Medical biochemistry. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Cardiology --- Biochemistry. --- Internal medicine --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Pathology

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Our societies obviously rest on common beliefs. These "myths" are tools that help us to develop and build common identities; they form the structure around which societies function. This does not imply that these beliefs are “true,” in the sense that they would be supported by empirical facts. In social matters, myths have undoubtedly important functions to play even if no empirical facts support them. On the other hand, and precisely because they are not discussed, myths may be problematic: they may create illusions, conserve structures that are inefficient and unable to improve the situation of citizens. This is particularly true with constitutions. Constitutions are very important for societies: a constitution is a document — even in societies based on “unwritten” constitutions — which binds citizens together, creating unity among them, and which forms the framework within which our activities take place. As Nobel Prize laureate James Buchanan used to say, "Constitutions contain the rules of the social game we play in our everyday life." However, constitutions are not frequently debated by citizens. This is why we end up with common beliefs about these constitutions: they are above our heads, around us. We take them, their role, function, and nature as given. The purpose of this volume to investigate and challenge common constitutional myths. Featuring contributions from prominent economists, political scientists, and legal scholars, the chapters in this volume address such myths as “constitutions are binding social contracts,” “constitutions are economic documents” and “constitutions are legal documents.” Illustrating their analyses with historical and contemporary examples from the United States, Canada, and Europe, the authors build a multi-layered approach to understanding constitutions and their implications for social and political influence.

Respiration -- Regulation -- Congresses. --- Respiration -- Regulation -- Mathematical models -- Congresses. --- Respiration -- Regulation -- Mathematical models. --- Constitutional law --- Political psychology --- Political participation --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Science --- Law, General & Comparative --- Political Science - General --- Constitutional law. --- Political psychology. --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Psychology, Political --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- Political science. --- Political philosophy. --- Economic policy. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Political Science. --- Political Philosophy. --- Economic Policy. --- Constitutional Law. --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Philosophy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Political philosophy