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Immunology. Immunopathology --- resistentie (farmacologie) --- antibiotica

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Active botanical ingredients are a prime requirement for herbal formulations and discovering a drug is all about integration of science disciplines. In recent decades there has been a growing interest in treating wounds and diseases using traditional remedies based on local herbs, combined with chemical advances. Although this has led to the development of new bioactive ingredients from plants, there has been little success in terms of clinical trials and post-marketing studies to comply with FDA guidelines. Plants have been used as a source of medicine throughout history and continue to serve as the basis for many pharmaceuticals used today. However, despite the modern pharmaceutical industry being founded on botanical medicine, synthetic approaches to drug discovery have now become standard. Science-driven translational discovery and botanical development has created a new reality, leading to enormous changes in strategies, technologies and the disciplines involved, which have been embraced by the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. This book gathers scientific expertise and traditional knowledge to promote the discovery and development of new formulations and drugs based on active ingredients and to provide guidance on taking these to clinical trials. It discusses major topics, such as how the phytochemical composition of many plants has changed over time due to factors like cultivation, which can have both positive and negative effects on the levels of bioactive compounds. It also explores the importance of plants as a valuable source of therapeutic compounds as a result of their vast biosynthetic capacity, and classifies them according to their intended use, safety and regulatory status. Further, the book offers insights into the regulatory aspects of botanical products, which is an important issue when considering standardization and quality assessment, and also examines the commercial aspects of plant-derived medications and their proven role in the treatment of chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, pain, asthma, and other associated conditions. Given its scope, this book is a valuable tool for botanists, natural product chemists, pharmacologists and microbiologists involved in the study of phytochemicals for drug discovery. .

Pharmacology. Therapy --- resistentie (farmacologie) --- geneesmiddelentolerantie --- farmacologie

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This is a comprehensive tool covering all manifestations of antimicrobial resistance, with viral, bacterial, parasitical and fungal resistance each given a dedicated section. The underlining molecular mechanisms, which depend not only on the microbe, but on the specific drug (target), are highly diverse, and are covered in great detail. This work also discusses and compares the biological, biochemical and structural aspects of resistance and its evolution.

Pharmacology. Therapy --- resistentie (farmacologie) --- geneesmiddelentolerantie --- farmacologie --- drugs --- moleculaire biologie

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It is increasingly recognized that various transporter proteins are expressed throughout the body and determine absorption, tissue distribution, biliary and renal elimination of endogenous compounds and drugs and drug effects. This book will give an overview on the transporter families which are most important for drug therapy. Most chapters will focus on one transporter family highlighting tissue expression, substrates, inhibitors, knock-out mouse models and clinical studies.

Human physiology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Gastroenterology --- Nefrology --- resistentie (farmacologie) --- geneesmiddelentolerantie --- farmacologie --- nefrologie --- toxicologie --- gastro-enterologie --- fysiologie --- leverziekten

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De aardappel, S. tuberosum, is een zeer belangrijke voedingsbron. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary vormt een grote bedreiging voor de aardappelteelt doordat P. infestans zich gemakkelijk kan aanpassen aan fungiciden en gastheerresistentie. Bij het traditioneel inkruisen van resistentiegenen kan slechts één resistentiegen per kruising ingekruist worden. Dit maakt dat resistentiegenen inbrengen via kruisingen een zeer lang proces is dat economisch niet haalbaar is. Enkelvoudige resistentiegenen kunnen gemakkelijk doorbroken worden. Dit was zichtbaar bij genotypes met één gen afkomstig van S. stoloniferum. Planten met één resistentiegen van S. venturii en vangplanten met één gen van S. bulbocastanum blijven resistent tegen de plaatselijke P. infestans-isolaten. Wanneer verschillende resistentiegenen in een aardappelras gestapeld worden, zal de resistentie veel moeilijker doorbroken worden. De planten met een stapeling van 3 resistentiegenen, afkomstig van S.venturii, S. stoloniferum en S. bulbocastanum, worden slechts heel weinig aangetast. De plant kan tijdig reageren op de infectie door P. infestans en kan zo een grote aantasting vermijden.Bij het gebruik van genetisch gemodificeerde aardappelen als oplossing tegen P. infestans, is het zeer belangrijk om aan goed resistentiemanagement te doen. Het goede resistentiemanagement moet er voor zorgen dat de resistentie die in bestaande rassen wordt ingebouwd niet snel doorbroken wordt. Wanneer rekening gehouden wordt met een economisch rendabele en duurzame gewasproductie, met bescherming van het milieu, zijn genetisch gemodificeerde planten de meest realistische oplossing voor het P. infestans probleem.

Duurzame resistentie. --- Genetisch gemodificeerde aardappelen. --- Phytophthora infestans. --- Plantenteelt. --- Resistentiemanagement. --- Solanum tuberosum. --- T170-elektronica.