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This book examines the redress movement for the victims of Japanese military sexual slavery in South Korea, Japan, and the U.S. comprehensively. The Japanese military forcefully mobilized about 80,000-200,000 Asian women to Japanese military brothels and forced them into sexual slavery during the Asian-Pacific War (1932-1945). Korean "comfort women" are believed to have been the largest group because of Korea’s colonial status. The redress movement for the victims started in South Korea in the late 1980s. The emergence of Korean "comfort women" to society to tell the truth beginning in 1991 and the discovery of Japanese historical documents, proving the responsibility of the Japanese military for establishing and operating military brothels by a Japanese historian in 1992 accelerated the redress movement for the victims. The movement has received strong support from UN human rights bodies, the U.S. and other Western countries. It has also greatly contributed to raising people’s consciousness of sexual violence against women at war. However, the Japanese government has not made a sincere apology and compensation to the victims to bring justice to the victims.

Reparations for historical injustices.

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Slavery --- Reparations for historical injustices

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The debate over reparations for transatlantic enslavement is not new. The movement for redress has a pedigree predating legal emancipation to the years of enslavement. It finds voice at the grassroots and filters up. It speaks through Belinda's 1783 petition to the Massachusetts legislature for an annual pension from the estate of her ex-captor. It underlies the thousands of signatures penned by previously enslaved persons on petitions demanding pensions for their years of unfree labour. It is written in André Rebouças' 1875 Democracia Rural Brazileira and in Brazil's 1884 Dantas Bill (No 48) calling for the granting of land to freed populations. It suffuses the continuing history of the transatlantic system of chattel enslavement from its inception. It is a persistent struggle championed by the subaltern against mainstream denials. Reparations for Slavery in International Law examines the case for contemporary redress for the harms and legacies of transatlantic enslavement from a legal perspective. The book critically evaluates the history of transatlantic enslavement as well as the evolutions in international law that justified and perpetuated the exploitation of African peoples and people of African descent. It offers an analysis of the requirements of state responsibility, assessing the impact of time on claims for redress for historic injustices. A new theory of reparatory justice is proposed, which is responsive to both the underpinning principles and the modalities of redress in international law. This book considers the emerging practice of reparations in transitional justice and the relevance of these frameworks in cases of widespread historic injustice, while upending orthodox understandings of the international legal frameworks relevant to case for reparations. In so doing, it opens new space for the reconsideration not only of the international legal claim for reparations for slavery, but also the moral and political case.

Slavery --- Reparations for historical injustices --- Restorative justice

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Combien vaut un déporté? Combien pour une victime des nazis ? Le 15 juillet 1960, un accord diplomatique est signé dans la plus grande discrétion par l'ambassadeur de France à Bonn. La RFA s'engage à payer la somme totale de 250 millions de deutschemarks, au bénéfice des "victimes françaises du national-socialisme". Pourtant, il ne s'agit que d'une étape car bien d'autres dossiers restent à régler... Le Quai d'Orsay y travaillera jusqu'en 2001, soit plus de cinquante ans durant ! L'historien Jean-Marc Dreyfus raconte ici pour la première fois les négociations des suites de la déportation. Pour diverses raisons la crainte de rééditer le traité de Versailles de 1919, les tensions de la guerre froide, les accords furent délicats et souvent source d'incompréhension. Le rapatriement des corps, l'or volé aux juifs, les biens spoliés (avec Vichy en ligne de mire), les criminels de guerre, les comptes bloqués par les banques sont autant de sujets que les diplomates français eurent à traiter avec leurs homologues allemands, dont certains étaient d'anciens nazis. L'auteur montre à quel point l'antisémitisme était courant au Quai d'Orsay, où les rapports avec les Allemands furent facilités sous l'Occupation... Une histoire totalement inédite faite de rebondissements et de drames humains, qui trouve son dénouement à l'aube du XXIe siècle...

World War, 1939-1945 --- War reparations --- Reparations for historical injustices

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Transitional justice. --- Truth commissions. --- Reparations for historical injustices. --- Collective memory.