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Based on a decade of fieldwork in southeastern Ghana and analysis of secondary sources, this book aims to reconstruct the religious history of the Anlo-Ewe peoples from the 1850s. In particular, it focuses on a corpus of rituals collectively known as 'Fofie', which derived their legitimacy from engaging with the memory of the slave-holding past. The Anlo developed a sense of discomfort about their agency in slavery in the early twentieth century which they articulated through practices such as ancestor veneration, spirit possession, and by forging links with descendants of peoples they formerly enslaved. Conversion to Christianity, engagement with 'modernity', trans-Atlantic conversations with diasporan Africans, and citizenship of the postcolonial state coupled with structural changes within the religious system - which resulted in the decline in Fofie's popularity - gradually altered the moral emphases of legacies of slavery in the Anlo historical imagination as the twentieth century progressed.

Anlo (African people) --- Cults --- Collective memory --- Slavery --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Religions --- Sects --- Ahonlan (African people) --- Anglo (African people) --- Ethnology --- Ewe (African people) --- Religion. --- Religious aspects. --- history. --- ethnic group. --- collective memory. --- religion. --- slavery. --- Ghana. --- Γκάνα --- il-Gana --- Ghána --- Gána --- Гана --- Gana --- Ghana --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Ganas Republika --- ir-Repubblika tal-Gana --- Ghanská republika --- die Republik Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- Republiken Ghana --- Ghánai Köztársaság --- Republika Gana --- República de Ghana --- Republikken Ghana --- République du Ghana --- Република Гана --- Republica Ghana --- Ganos Respublika --- Ghanan tasavalta --- República do Gana --- Zlatonosné pobřeží --- Republika Ghany --- Ghana Vabariik --- Republiek Ghana --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republika e Ganës --- fe --- reiligiún --- uskonto --- náboženstvo --- vallás --- religión --- religioon --- Religion --- godsdienst --- religie --- vjera --- religija --- religione --- reliģija --- religião --- náboženství --- religia --- религија --- reliġjon --- θρησκεία --- religion --- религия --- usutunnistus --- víra --- deismus --- светец --- теизам --- irreligiosità --- religiosità --- zbožnost --- věřící --- религиозност --- religiozita --- teismus --- деизам --- побожност --- světec --- kreacionismus --- panteismus --- Religionsgemeinschaft --- fideismus --- svatý --- vallási közösség --- Glaubensgemeinschaft --- pobožnost --- верници --- вера --- пантеизам --- kollektiivinen muisti --- memorie colectivă --- kollektiv hukommelse --- kolektívna pamäť --- pamięć zbiorowa --- collectief geheugen --- memorja kollettiva --- memória coletiva --- mémoire collective --- kollektív emlékezet --- kolektivni spomin --- kollektiivne mälu --- συλλογική μνήμη --- kollektivt minne --- kolektivno pamćenje --- колективна памет --- kolektīvā atmiņa --- memoria colectiva --- memoria collettiva --- kolektyvinė atmintis --- comhchuimhne --- kolektivní paměť --- kollektives Gedächtnis --- kultūratmiņa --- memoria storica --- ricordo collettivo --- historiskt minne --- sociaal geheugen --- memoria cultural --- memória histórica --- sosiaalinen muisti --- društveno pamćenje --- pamięć społeczna --- nemzeti emlékezet --- skupni spomin --- national hukommelse --- memoria pubblica --- social hukommelse --- memorja nazzjonali --- javni spomin --- memoria nazionale --- kopīgā atmiņa --- verejná pamäť --- historiallinen muisti --- memoria comune --- offentligt minne --- memoria común --- memorja soċjali --- veřejná paměť --- kansallinen muisti --- historical memory --- sociálna pamäť --- common memory --- pamięć historyczna --- mémoire sociale --- memorie națională --- δημόσια μνήμη --- mémoire publique --- public memory --- offentlig hukommelse --- kulturelles Gedächtnis --- pamięć kulturowa --- kolektywne pamiętanie --- istorinė atmintis --- historisk hukommelse --- memoria social --- pamięć narodowa --- julkinen muisti --- memória social --- gemeenschappelijk geheugen --- yhteinen muisti --- ajalooline mälu --- kulttuurinen muisti --- културна памет --- mémoire historique --- εθνική μνήμη --- kulturni spomin --- κοινή μνήμη --- kulturális emlékezet --- társadalmi emlékezet --- memoria histórica --- nacionalno pamćenje --- memória pública --- historická paměť --- memória nacional --- historisch geheugen --- memorja komuni --- socialt minne --- nationaal geheugen --- memória cultural --- ιστορική μνήμη --- kultuurimälu --- gemeinsames Gedächtnis --- gemensamt minne --- fælles hukommelse --- společná paměť --- publiek geheugen --- memorie publică --- lieu de mémoire --- memória comum --- společenská paměť --- memorie istorică --- национална памет --- memorie socială --- cultural memory --- nationales Gedächtnis --- historická pamäť --- memorja pubblika --- kultúrna pamäť --- memorja storika --- souvenir collectif --- rahvuslik mälu --- nacionalni spomin --- nationellt minne --- zajedničko pamćenje --- javno pamćenje --- socialni spomin --- cultureel geheugen --- cuimhne chultúrtha --- historisches Gedächtnis --- обща памет --- memorie comună --- közös emlékezet --- national memory --- sotsiaalne mälu --- πολιτιστική μνήμη --- memoria nacional --- kulturno pamćenje --- kulturellt minne --- zgodovinski spomin --- обществена памет --- öffentliches Gedächtnis --- κοινωνική μνήμη --- sabiedriskā atmiņa --- историческа памет --- kulturel hukommelse --- публична памет --- vēsturiskā atmiņa --- pamäť národa --- soziales Gedächtnis --- sociālā atmiņa --- mémoire populaire --- történelmi emlékezet --- wspólna pamięć --- social memory --- nacionālā atmiņa --- povijesno pamćenje --- lembrança coletiva --- memoria sociale --- spoločná pamäť --- kulturní paměť --- tautos atmintis --- pamięć publiczna --- memorja kulturali --- ühine mälu --- mémoire culturelle --- memoria culturale --- národní paměť --- memorie culturală --- grup etnic --- етническа група --- ethnische Gruppe --- grúpa eitneach --- etnikai csoport --- gruppo etnico --- grup etnik --- grupa etniczna --- etnisk grupp --- етничка група --- etnisk gruppe --- grupo étnico --- grupp etniku --- etnična skupina --- εθνότητα --- etnische groep --- etnička skupina --- etniline rühm --- etninė grupė --- etnická skupina --- etniskā grupa --- groupe ethnique --- etninen ryhmä --- etnisk mindretal --- národní příslušnost --- etniline vähemus --- ethnische Minderheit --- etnische groepering --- agrupamento étnico --- minorité ethnique --- minoría étnica --- μειονότητα --- etniskā minoritāte --- etninė mažuma --- raggruppamento etnico --- etnia --- tautinė grupė --- národ --- pakicë etnike --- rahvusrühm --- népcsoport --- Volksgruppe --- народ --- etninen vähemmistö --- etnische minderheid --- etnická menšina --- etnisk minoritet --- minoranza etnica --- minoritate etnică --- εθνική ομάδα --- groupement ethnique --- ethnic minority --- etnické seskupení --- etnikai kisebbség --- etnikum --- nemzetiség --- етникум --- etnička zajednica --- етничка заедница --- etnisk gruppering --- narod --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- verdzība --- suženjstvo --- ропство --- escravatura --- orjus --- skllavëri --- otroctvo --- skjavitù --- niewolnictwo --- slaveri --- δουλεία --- otroctví --- rabszolgaság --- schiavitù --- esclavage --- sclábhaíocht --- Sklaverei --- slavernij --- робство --- esclavitud --- orjuus --- vergija --- sclavie --- ropstvo --- muncă forțată --- schiavismo --- roboty przymusowe --- priverstinis darbas --- prisilno delo --- praca przymusowa --- piespiedu darbs --- tvangsarbejde --- travail forcé --- punë e detyruar --- trabalho forçado --- trabajo forzoso --- Zwangsarbeit --- lotta contro lo schiavismo --- stato di schiavitù --- sunnitöö --- pakkotyö --- присилна работа --- werkkamp --- forced labour --- καταναγκαστική εργασία --- prisilni rad --- kényszermunka --- tvångsarbete --- принудна работа --- lavoro forzato --- reato di riduzione in schiavitù

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Heritage work has had a uniquely wide currency in Africa's politics. Secure within the pages of books, encoded in legal statutes, encased in glass display cases and enacted in the panoply of court ritual, the artifacts produced by the heritage domain have become a resource for government administration, a library for traditionalists and a marketable source of value for cultural entrepreneurs. The Politics of Heritage in Africa draws together disparate fields of study - history, archaeology, linguistics, the performing arts and cinema - to show how the life ways of the past were made into capital, a store of authentic knowledge that political and cultural entrepreneurs could draw from. This book shows African heritage to be a mode of political organization, a means by which the relics of the past are shored up, reconstructed and revalued as commodities, as tradition, as morality or as patrimony.

Cultural property --- Heritage tourism --- Ethnological museums and collections --- #SBIB:39A5 --- Ethnological collections --- Ethnology --- Anthropological museums and collections --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Cultural tourism --- Tourism --- Political aspects --- Protection --- Kunst, habitat, materiële cultuur en ontspanning --- Museums --- cultural heritage. --- cultural object. --- cultural policy. --- heritage protection. --- history. --- Africa. --- Ghana. --- South Africa. --- Република Южна Африка --- République d'Afrique du Sud --- República da África do Sul --- República Sudafricana --- Den Sydafrikanske Republik --- Transkei --- Republiken Sydafrika --- Etelä-Afrikan tasavalta --- bantustão --- Sudafrica --- Νοτιοαφρικανική Δημοκρατία --- Siskėjus --- Dél-afrikai Köztársaság --- Südafrikanische Republik --- Dienvidāfrikas Republika --- Δημοκρατία της Νότιας Αφρικής --- Repubblica sudafricana --- JAR --- Τρανσκάι --- Repubblica del Sud Africa --- République sud-africaine --- Pietų Afrikos Respublika --- ЈАР --- República Sul-Africana --- Republiek Zuid-Afrika --- South African Republic --- RPA --- ЮАР --- Νοτιοαφρικανική Ένωση --- Republica Africa de Sud --- Transkėjus --- Ciskei --- Republika e Afrikës së Jugut --- Republic of South Africa --- República de Sudáfrica --- LAV --- Republika Južna Afrika --- Juhoafrická únia --- die Republik Südafrika --- Σισκάι --- Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek --- Poblacht na hAfraice Theas --- Jihoafrická unie --- ir-Repubblika tal-Afrika t'Isfel --- Νότιος Αφρική --- Etelä-Afrikka --- Dienvidāfrika --- Pietų Afrika --- Africa de Sud --- Южна Африка --- l-Afrika t'Isfel --- Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik --- Sud Africa --- Dél-Afrika --- Νότια Αφρική --- Južnoafrička Republika --- Zuid-Afrika --- Afrika e Jugut --- Juhoafrická republika --- Јужноафриканска Република --- Republika Południowej Afryki --- África do Sul --- Jihoafrická republika --- An Afraic Theas --- Südafrika --- Sydafrika --- Afrique du Sud --- Sudáfrica --- Јужноафричка република --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Ganas Republika --- ir-Repubblika tal-Gana --- Ghanská republika --- die Republik Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- Republiken Ghana --- Ghánai Köztársaság --- Republika Gana --- República de Ghana --- Republikken Ghana --- République du Ghana --- Република Гана --- Republica Ghana --- Ganos Respublika --- Ghanan tasavalta --- República do Gana --- Zlatonosné pobřeží --- Republika Ghany --- Ghana Vabariik --- Republiek Ghana --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republika e Ganës --- Γκάνα --- il-Gana --- Ghána --- Gána --- Гана --- Gana --- Ghana --- africké krajiny --- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- An Afraic --- Aafrika --- Африка --- África --- Afrique --- Afrikka --- Afryka --- Afrika --- Africa --- Āfrika --- Αφρική --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- histoire --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- kultūros paveldo apsauga --- conservation area --- restauração do património --- preservation of monuments --- muistomerkkien varjeleminen --- реставрација --- kultūros paveldo atkūrimas --- záchrana památek --- mälestiste säilitamine --- paminklų konservavimas --- péče o kulturní památky --- restoration of the cultural heritage --- památková rezervace --- National Trust --- salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural --- restauriranje kulturne baštine --- светско културно наследство --- конзерваторски центар --- διαφύλαξη της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς --- protection du patrimoine culturel --- monumentenzorg --- kultuuripärandi kaitsmine --- zachování kulturního dědictví --- restauración del patrimonio --- restaurering af kulturarv --- αναστήλωση μνημείων --- conservación de monumentos --- restaurering av kulturföremål --- proteção do património cultural --- conservação dos monumentos --- ochrana kulturních památek --- restauratie van het cultuurgoed --- památková péče --- pamiatková zóna --- protecția patrimoniului cultural --- památková ochrana --- tutela del patrimonio culturale --- conservación del patrimonio cultural --- salvaguarda do património cultural --- védett műemlék --- Trusti Kombëtar --- bescherming van het culturele erfgoed --- bevarelse af historiske bygningsværker --- valstybinis paveldo fondas --- protecção do património --- draustinis --- sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel --- ruajtje e monumenteve --- bevarande av monument --- městská památková zóna --- zachovanie pamiatok --- ochrana dědictví --- kulttuuriperinnön säilyttäminen --- péče o kulturní dědictví --- národný fond kultúrnych pamiatok --- saglabāšana --- Denkmalrestaurierung --- restaurarea patrimoniului cultural --- protección del patrimonio cultural --- conservarea monumentelor --- konservering av kulturföremål --- műemlékvédelem --- skydd av kulturarvet --- skydd av byggnadsminnen --- conservation des monuments --- restaurim i trashëgimisë kulturore --- obnova kultúrneho dedičstva --- προστασία της εθνικής κληρονομιάς --- conservação do património cultural --- kultuuripärandi taastamine --- muinaismuistoyhdistys --- administrație națională a patrimoniului --- mbrojtje e trashëgimisë kulturore --- salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale --- bevarande av kulturmiljöer --- conservazione dei monumenti --- Denkmalpflege --- kultūras pieminekļu saglabāšana --- ochrana kultúrneho dedičstva --- restauro del patrimonio culturale --- restauration du patrimoine --- zaštita spomenika --- védett épület --- behoud van het culturele erfgoed --- προστασία των μνημείων --- obnova kulturne baštine --- bevaring af kulturarv --- Valsts kultūras pieminekļu aizsardzības inspekcija --- muinsuskaitseala --- protection of the cultural heritage --- zonë e konservimit --- protezzjoni tal-patrimonju --- защита на културното наследство --- Schutz des kulturellen Erbes --- ochrona dziedzictwa kultury --- paveldo apsauga --- kulturmiljövård --- заштита културног наслеђа --- kulttuuriperinnön suojelu --- muinsuskaitse --- protección del patrimonio --- zaštita kulturne baštine --- ochrana kulturního dědictví --- varstvo kulturne dediščine --- bescherming van het erfgoed --- caomhnú oidhreachta --- proteção do património --- protecția patrimoniului --- mbrojtja e trashëgimisë --- заштита на културното наследство --- beskyttelse af kulturarv --- kultūras mantojuma aizsardzība --- protection du patrimoine --- προστασία της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς --- nemzeti örökségvédelem --- protezione del patrimonio --- ochrana dedičstva --- културна политика --- kulturudvikling --- művelődéspolitika --- kulturelle Entwicklung --- ανάπτυξη του πολιτιστικού τομέα --- kulturní rozvoj --- politika kulturali --- beartas cultúir --- kulturna politika --- kultuuripoliitika --- kulturní politika --- politică culturală --- Kulturpolitik --- πολιτιστική πολιτική --- politique culturelle --- politica culturale --- cultuurbeleid --- kultūrpolitika --- politikë kulturore --- kulttuuripolitiikka --- polityka kulturalna --- kultúrna politika --- kultūros politika --- kulturpolitik --- política cultural --- политика за култура --- kultúrpolitika --- restituzione di beni culturali --- kulturgode --- pronë kulturore --- kultúrny majetok --- kthim i objekteve kulturore --- teruggave van cultuurschatten --- restitución de bienes culturales --- επιστροφή πολιτιστικών αγαθών --- kultūros vertybių sugrąžinimas --- kultūras vērtība --- kulturno dobro --- tilbagelevering af kulturgoder --- kultūras priekšmeti --- restitution of cultural objects --- återlämnande av kulturföremål --- kulttuurialan tuotteet --- navrácení kulturního majetku --- retrocedarea bunurilor culturale --- cultural property --- obnova kulturnih dobara --- proprietate culturală --- restituce kulturního majetku --- maoin chultúrtha --- kultuuriväärtuste tagastamine --- povrat kulturnih dobara --- kultúrne tovary --- реставрација на културни добра --- restituição de bens culturais --- враќање на културни добра --- kulturní vlastnictví --- kulttuuriomaisuus --- kultūros vertybių nuosavybė --- kulttuuriesineiden palauttaminen --- kulturní statky --- kultūrinės prekės --- return of cultural objects --- реставрација на културни објекти --- kulturális javak visszajuttatása --- restituirea bunurilor culturale --- cultural goods --- kultūros vertybių grąžinimas --- mallra kulturore --- kulturföremål --- kulturális tulajdon --- restitution de biens culturels --- kultūras priekšmetu atgūšana --- bem cultural --- kulturværdi --- kultúrny objekt --- културно добро --- kulturális javak --- bien cultural --- bunuri culturale --- kulturna dobrina --- Kulturgut --- cultuurgoed --- oġġett kulturali --- kultūros vertybė --- kulturni objekt --- bene culturale --- kulturní majetek --- ní cultúrtha --- kulttuuriesine --- културен обект --- πολιτιστικό αγαθό --- objekt kulturor --- kultuuriväärtused --- kulturminne --- kultūras piemineklis --- bien culturel --- zasoby kultury --- sprachliches Erbe --- nyelvi örökség --- werelderfgoed --- πνευματική κληρονομιά --- patrimonio letterario --- dokumentárne dedičstvo --- literarisches Erbe --- patrimoine de l'humanité --- linguïstisch erfgoed --- patrimoniu literar --- kirjallinen perintö --- valodas mantojums --- bibliographic heritage --- linguistic heritage --- litteraturarv --- literárne dedičstvo --- språkligt arv --- trashëgimi njerëzore --- património linguístico --- žmoniškasis paveldas --- literarna baština --- patrimonju kulturali --- trashëgimi bibliografike --- patrimonio literario --- dokumentinis paveldas --- literārais mantojums --- património documental --- jazykové dědictví --- patrimoine linguistique --- bibliografisch erfgoed --- rahvuslik kultuuripärand --- literair erfgoed --- βιβλιογραφικό υλικό --- literární dědictví --- tietoperintö --- litterärt arv --- litterær kulturarv --- kalbos paveldas --- julkaisuperintö --- Kulturerbe --- lingvistiskais mantojums --- писмено наследство --- documentary heritage --- kulturel arv --- baština čovječanstva --- trashëgimi letrare --- книжевно наследство --- пишано наследство --- patrimoine bibliographique --- kansanperintö --- κληρονομιά της ανθρωπότητας --- patrimonio bibliográfico --- bibliografijos paveldas --- Kulturbesitz --- συλλογές τεκμηρίωσης --- patrimoine littéraire --- historisk bygningsværk --- irodalmi örökség --- patrimonio de la humanidad --- dokumentarisches Erbe --- sprogskat --- patrimonio bibliografico --- literatūros paveldas --- patrimonio lingüístico --- patrimonio documental --- patrimoniu lingvistic --- trashëgimi gjuhësore --- patrimonio documentale --- património literário --- keelepärand --- sproglig arv --- kieliperintö --- kulturní památka --- património bibliográfico --- human heritage --- trashëgimi dokumentare --- Literaturgut --- наследство на човештвото --- patrimonio linguistico --- γλωσσική κληρονομιά --- mündliche Überlieferung --- Sprachgut --- јазично наследство --- ľudské dedičstvo --- литературно наследство --- patrimonio dell'umanità --- dokumentarkiv --- pisana baština --- världsarv --- λογοτεχνική κληρονομιά --- documentair erfgoed --- jazykové dedičstvo --- kirjanduslik pärand --- bibliografické dedičstvo --- kulturno nasljeđe --- jezična baština --- menneskehedens kulturarv --- dokumendipärand --- patrimoine documentaire --- literary heritage --- inimpärand --- património da Humanidade --- seværdighed --- bibliográfiai örökség --- lingvistinis paveldas --- kulturarv --- kultuuripärand --- dziedzictwo kultury --- cultureel erfgoed --- kultúrne dedičstvo --- wirt kulturali --- kulturális örökség --- oidhreacht chultúrtha --- kulttuuriperintö --- πολιτιστική κληρονομιά --- kulturní dědictví --- културно наследство --- patrimonio culturale --- kulturna dediščina --- kulturelles Erbe --- kultūras mantojums --- património cultural --- patrimonio cultural --- trashëgimi kulturore --- културно наслеђе --- patrimoine culturel --- patrimoniu cultural --- kulturna baština --- kultūros paveldas

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Many African migrants residing abroad nurture a hope to one day return, at least temporarily, to their home country. In the wake of economic crises in the developed world, alongside rapid economic growth in parts of Africa, the impetus to ‘return’ is likely to increase. Such returnees are often portrayed as agents of development, bringing with them capital, knowledge and skills as well as connections and experience gained abroad. Yet, the reality is altogether more complex.In this much-needed volume, based on extensive original fieldwork, the authors reveal that there is all too often a gaping divide between abstract policy assumptions and migrants’ actual practices. In contrast to the prevailing optimism of policies on migration and development, Africa’s Return Migrants demonstrates that the capital obtained abroad is not always advantageous and that it can even hamper successful entrepreneurship and other forms of economic, political and social engagement.

Migration. Refugees --- International economic relations --- Africa --- Migration, Internal --- Internal migration --- Mobility --- Population geography --- Internal migrants --- Africa -- Emigration and immigration. --- African diaspora. --- Africans -- Migrations. --- return migration --- diaspora --- social change --- Ghana --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Senegal --- Somalia --- Burundi --- South Sudan --- Cape Verde --- Зеленортска острва --- Roheneemesaared --- Zielony Przylądek --- Zöld-foki-szigetek --- Зелен ’Рт --- il-Kap Verde --- Capul Verde --- Kaapverdië --- Capo Verde --- Kapverdy --- Kap Verde --- Cabo Verde --- Zelenortski Otoci --- Kepi i Gjelbër --- Rinn Verde --- Πράσινο Ακρωτήριο --- Žaliasis Kyšulys --- Cap-Vert --- Kaboverde --- Zelenortski otoki --- Кабо Верде --- Kap Verde-öarna --- Кейп Верде --- Republiken Kap Verde --- Зелено’ртски Острови --- Zaļā Raga salas --- Kaboverdes Republika --- Republika Zielonego Przylądka --- Zelenortska Republika --- Зелено’ртска Република --- Δημοκρατία του Πράσινου Ακρωτηρίου --- Zöld-foki Köztársaság --- Republikken Kap Verde --- Republic of Cape Verde --- ir-Repubblika tal-Kap Verde --- isole di Capo Verde --- Republika Zeleného mysu --- Република Кабо Верде --- Kabo Verde --- Cabo Verde Vabariik --- Kapverdski Otoci --- Republica Capului Verde --- Kapverdské ostrovy --- Republika e Kepit të Gjelbër --- Kap Verden tasavalta --- die Republik Kap Verde --- Kapverdska Republika --- Kapverdská republika --- ostrovy Zeleného mysu --- República de Cabo Verde --- Repubblica del Capo Verde --- Republika Zelenortski otoki --- Republika Kabo Verde --- Република Зелен ’Рт --- République du Cap-Vert --- Žaliojo Kyšulio Salos --- Republiek Kaapverdië --- Žaliojo Kyšulio Respublika --- Îles du Cap-Vert --- Зелени нос --- Zelený mys --- Южен Судан --- Sudani i Jugut --- Južný Sudán --- Sudan del Sud --- An tSúdáin Theas --- Sudão do Sul --- Јужни Судан --- Pietų Sudanas --- Dienvidsudāna --- Soudan du Sud --- is-Sudan t’Isfel --- Јужен Судан --- Sudanul de Sud --- Etelä-Sudan --- Sudán del Sur --- Sudan Południowy --- Jižní Súdán --- Južni Sudan --- Dél-Szudán --- Lõuna-Sudaan --- Sydsudan --- Zuid-Sudan --- Νότιο Σουδάν --- Südsudan --- Republika Južni Sudan --- Република Јужен Судан --- Jihosúdánská republika --- République du Soudan du Sud --- Repubblica del Sudan del Sud --- Republiken Sydsudan --- Δημοκρατία του Νοτίου Σουδάν --- Pietų Sudano Respublika --- ir-Repubblika tas-Sudan t’Isfel --- Lõuna-Sudaani Vabariik --- Република Южен Судан --- Poblacht na Súdáine Theas --- Republikken Sydsudan --- Dél-szudáni Köztársaság --- República de Sudán del Sur --- Република Јужни Судан --- die Republik Südsudan --- Republiek Zuid-Sudan --- Republic of South Sudan --- República do Sudão do Sul --- Republika Sudanu Południowego --- Dienvidsudānas Republika --- Etelä-Sudanin tasavalta --- Juhosudánska republika --- Republica Sudanul de Sud --- Бурунди --- il-Burundi --- An Bhurúin --- Burundis --- Μπουρούντι --- ir-Repubblika tal-Burundi --- Republika e Burundit --- Burundin tasavalta --- Δημοκρατία του Μπουρούντι --- Република Бурунди --- République du Burundi --- Republika Burundi --- Repubblica di Burundi --- die Republik Burundi --- Republiek Burundi --- Urundi --- Burundská republika --- Republikken Burundi --- Burundi Republika --- Burundi Vabariik --- República de Burundi --- Republica Burundi --- República do Burundi --- Republic of Burundi --- Republiken Burundi --- Burundžio Respublika --- Burundi Köztársaság --- Somália --- Σομαλία --- An tSomáil --- Szomália --- Somalis --- is-Somalja --- Somālija --- Сомалија --- Somalië --- Somalija --- Somaalia --- Somalie --- Somálsko --- Сомалия --- Somaalia Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Somalijska Republika --- Република Сомалија --- Сомалийска демократична република --- Somálska demokratická republika --- Democratische Republiek Somalië --- Somalska demokratična republika --- République de Somalie --- República de Somalia --- Szomáliai Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Република Сомалия --- Somálská republika --- Сенегал --- Σενεγάλη --- Sénégal --- Senegāla --- is-Senegal --- An tSeineagáil --- Senegali --- Senegalas --- Szenegál --- Senegalin tasavalta --- Senegalská republika --- Senegālas Republika --- République du Sénégal --- ir-Repubblika tas-Senegal --- República de Senegal --- Република Сенегал --- Republiken Senegal --- Republic of Senegal --- República do Senegal --- Senegalo Respublika --- Repubblica del Senegal --- Republica Senegal --- Republiek Senegal --- Δημοκρατία της Σενεγάλης --- Republika Senegalu --- Republika Senegal --- Republikken Senegal --- Szenegáli Köztársaság --- die Republik Senegal --- Republika e Senegalit --- Senegali Vabariik --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- Γκάνα --- il-Gana --- Ghána --- Gána --- Гана --- Gana --- Δημοκρατία της Γκάνας --- Ganas Republika --- ir-Repubblika tal-Gana --- Ghanská republika --- die Republik Ghana --- Republic of Ghana --- Republiken Ghana --- Ghánai Köztársaság --- Republika Gana --- República de Ghana --- Republikken Ghana --- République du Ghana --- Република Гана --- Republica Ghana --- Ganos Respublika --- Ghanan tasavalta --- República do Gana --- Zlatonosné pobřeží --- Republika Ghany --- Ghana Vabariik --- Republiek Ghana --- Repubblica del Ghana --- Republika e Ganës --- social förändring --- társadalmi változás --- changement social --- sotsiaalne muutus --- друштвена промена --- socialiniai pokyčiai --- družbena sprememba --- bidla soċjali --- athrú sóisialta --- společenská změna --- društvena promjena --- cambiamento sociale --- cambio social --- sociale verandering --- schimbare socială --- przemiany społeczne --- ndryshim social --- sosiaalinen muutos --- sociálna zmena --- sozialer Wandel --- mudança social --- social forandring --- социална промяна --- општествена промена --- sociālās pārmaiņas --- κοινωνική αλλαγή --- socialinė reforma --- sociálna reforma --- společenská přeměna --- Veränderung der Sozialstruktur --- sociala växlingar --- sosiaalinen uudistus --- szociális reform --- társadalmi reform --- sociale omwenteling --- mudanza social --- reformă socială --- riforma sociale --- društvena reforma --- sociālā reforma --- socialreform --- reformë sociale --- sociale hervorming --- социјални промени --- mutamento sociale --- reforma social --- κοινωνική μετάλλαξη --- Sozialreform --- szociális változás --- réforme sociale --- κοινωνική μεταρρύθμιση --- sociální reforma --- mutation sociale --- social reform --- општествени реформи --- mutação social --- sotsiaalreform --- diaszpóra --- diasporaa --- Diaspora --- diaspóra --- diáspora --- дијаспора --- диаспора --- diasporë --- dijaspora --- διασπορά --- szórványban élők --- szórványnépesség --- iseljeništvo --- иселеништво --- An Afraic --- Aafrika --- Африка --- África --- Afrique --- Afrikka --- Afryka --- Afrika --- Āfrika --- Αφρική --- africké krajiny --- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- grįžtamoji migracija --- returmigration --- migración de retorno --- hazatelepülés --- zpětná migrace --- Rückwanderung --- migrazzjoni ta’ ritorn --- remigratsioon --- migrazione di ritorno --- миграция при завръщане --- remigratie --- παλιννόστηση --- aisimirce --- repatriacja --- migracion kthimi --- reemigrācija --- paluumuutto --- povratna migracija --- spätná migrácia --- återflyttning --- migração de regresso --- повратак миграната --- vračanje migrantov --- migration de retour --- повратна миграција --- repatriere --- tagasiränne --- repatriantas --- paluumuuttaja --- persoană repatriată --- sugrįžėlis į tėvynę --- återvändande --- repatrieret --- repatriovaná osoba --- i riatdhesuar --- återvändande person --- riatdhesim --- rapatriement --- sugrįžimas į tėvynę --- hjemvenden --- rapatrié --- person i riatdhesuar --- Repatriierung --- репатријација --- repatrirana osoba --- repatriation --- reemigrant --- repatriálás --- repatriants --- repatriering --- Heimkehrer --- povratnik --- repatriamento --- repatriant --- hazatelepülő személy --- repatriated person --- återmigration --- επαναπατρισμός --- hemvändande person --- kotimaahan palannut --- Heimkehr von Migranten --- rimpatrio --- Remigrant --- repatrieerimine --- repatriate --- Rückwanderer --- pareivystė --- navrátilec --- repatriëring --- repatriación --- retornado --- návrat do vlasti --- kotimaahan palaaminen --- repatriace --- repatriado --- repatriacija --- tagasirändaja --- επαναπατρισθείς --- reemigrace --- repatriácia --- rimpatriato --- hjemvendt person --- tilbagevenden --- repatriācija --- Emigration and immigration.