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Religion --- 291 --- Historiography --- Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend --- Religion - Historiography

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Le paysage confessionnel et convictionnel de la France du début du XXIe siècle est marqué par une grande diversité : catholiques, agnostiques, athées, sunnites, bouddhistes, protestants, juifs, orthodoxes, hindous, autres groupes minoritaires issus du christianisme ou de l'islam... Cette réalité n'a fait son entrée que récemment dans le champ de l'histoire religieuse contemporaine. Celle-ci, longtemps marquée par une attention prioritaire au catholicisme, avec des sillons spécifiques tracés pour le judaïsme et le protestantisme, a connu un renouveau. C'est ce dont vient témoigner cet ouvrage, qui constitue la première grande synthèse portant sur la manière dont l'historiographie française a articulé religions, sécularisation et modernité. À travers l'histoire d'une corporation ouverte à la fois à d'autres disciplines (sociologie, philosophie, théologie, anthropologie, droit) et à d'autres spécialités (histoire politique ou sociale et, plus récemment, histoire culturelle, histoire des femmes, histoire de la jeunesse ou histoire de la santé) se dessine un portrait de groupe au sein duquel des débats intéressant l'ensemble de la discipline historique ont été tenus. Si ses membres ne répondent pas à des profils homogènes, l'empreinte commune de leurs travaux est cependant significative dans le paysage de la recherche et son rayonnement déborde les frontières nationales.

Histoire religieuse --- Vie religieuse --- France - Religion - Historiography --- France --- Church history --- Religion --- Historiography.

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Gavin I. Langmuir's work on the formation and nature of antisemitism has earned him an international reputation. In History, Religion, and Antisemitism he bravely confronts the problems that arise when historians have to describe and explain religious phenomena, as any historian of antisemitism must. How, and to what extent, can the historian be objective? Is it possible to discuss Christian attitudes toward Jews, for example, without adopting the historical explanations of those whose thoughts and actions one is discussing? What, exactly, does the historian mean by "religion" or "religious"? Langmuir's original and stimulating responses to these questions reflect his inquiry into the approaches of anthropology, sociology, and psychology and into recent empirical research on the functioning of the mind and the nature of thought. His distinction between religiosity, a property of individuals, and religion, a social phenomenon, allows him to place unusual emphasis on the role of religious doubts and tensions and the irrationality they can produce. Defining antisemitism as irrational beliefs about Jews, he distinguishes Christian anti-Judaism from Christian antisemitism, demonstrates that antisemitism emerged in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries because of rising Christian doubts, and sketches how the revolutionary changes in religion and mentality in the modern period brought new faiths, new kinds of religious doubt, and a deadlier expression of antisemitism. Although he developed it in dealing with the difficult question of antisemitism, Langmuir's approach to religious history is important for historians in all areas.

Antisemitism --- Christianity and antisemitism --- Historiography --- Religion --- Study and teaching --- Religion - Historiography --- Religion - Study and teaching --- ANTISEMITISM --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Social Science --- Social science --- Antisemitism. --- Christianity and antisemitism. --- Historiography. --- Study and teaching.

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In this pioneering work of discourse analysis, Tomoko Masuzawa observes that the modern study of religion is peculiarly ambivalent toward the question of origin. Today's historians of religion maintain that they have abandoned speculative quests for the origin of religionat the same time, they allege that concepts of absolute beginnings are fundamental to religion itself. By renouncing the desire for origins that they claim religious peoples embrace, historians can vicariously participate in the forbidden quest--so it seems--without forfeiting the authority accruing from their objectivist position. This ambivalence of contemporary scholars echoes their ambivalence toward the ancestral "giants" of the discipline: Durkheim, Muller, and Freud. Masuzawa shows that the speculations of these three men on the origins of religion render the very notion of time and history problematic and contain powerful instruments for dislodging the position of "Western man" as the keeper of knowledge. Her critical rereading of these forefathers is framed by a compelling discussion of the postmodernist subversion of absolute origins in the works of Walter Benjamin and Rosalind Krauss and a comparison of Mircea Eliade and Nancy Munn's accounts of the Australian aboriginal "dreamtime." Engaging a number of critical issues within the burgeoning field of cultural studies, Masuzawa's book will have far-reaching implications not only for religious studies but throughout the human sciences.

Religion --- Historiography. --- Durkheim, Emile, --- Freud, Sigmund, --- Muller, F. Max, --- Muller, F. Max --- Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- 291.11 Godsdienst:--oorsprong; ontwikkeling; natuur --- 291.11 --- Historiography --- Müller, F. Max --- Müller, Friedrich Max, --- Myūrā, Makusu, --- Mi︠u︡ller, Maks, --- Max Müller, Friedrich, --- Mueller, Friedrich Max, --- Müller, Max, --- Myūreru, Makusu, --- Myurā, Makkusu, --- Mullar, Māks, --- مولر، ف. مكس --- Freud, Sigmund --- Tʻu-erh-kan, --- Di︠u︡rkem, E., --- Durkheim, David Émile, --- Di︠u︡rkgeĭm, Ėmilʹ, --- Dyurukēmu, Emīru, --- Durkheim, Emilio, --- Dirkem, Emil, --- Müller, Max F., --- Religion - Historiography.

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Church history --- Christianity --- Religion --- Methodology. --- Historiography. --- Ecclesiastical history --- History, Church --- History, Ecclesiastical --- History --- Religions --- Historiography --- Methodology --- Donoso Cortés, Juan, --- Lasaulx, Ernst von, --- Solovyov, Vladimir Sergeyevich, --- Соловьев, Владимир Сергеевич, --- Solowjew, W. S., --- Solovyof, Vladimir, --- Solovyev, Vladimir, --- Solovjeff, Wladimir, --- Solovjovas, Vladimiras, --- Soloviev, Wladimir, --- Solovʹev, Vladimir Sergeevich, --- Solowiew, Wladimir, --- Solowjow, Wladimir, --- Soloviev, Vladimir, --- Solowjoff, Wladimir, --- Solovjev, Vladimir, --- Solowjew, Wladimir, --- Соловьев, Вл. --- Solovʹev, Vl. --- Соловьев, В. С. --- Solovʹev, V. S. --- So-lo-wei-yüeh-fu, --- Soloviev, Vi. Soiovʹev V., --- Soloviev, V. S., --- Solovjov, Vladimír Sergejevič, --- סאלאוויאוו, וולאדימיר סערגעיעוו, --- Solovʼëv, Vladimir, --- Szolovjov, Vlagyimir, --- Lasaulx, Ernst von --- Lasaulx, Peter Ernst von --- Cortés, Juan Donoso, --- De Valdegamas, Juan Donoso Cortés, --- Valdegamas, Juan Donoso Cortés, --- von Lasaulx, Ernst --- Church history - Methodology. --- Christianity - Historiography. --- Religion - Historiography.