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Post-conflict countries receive substantial aid flows after the start of peace. While post-conflict countries' capacity to absorb aid (that is, the quality of their policies and institutions) is built up only gradually after the onset of peace, the evidence suggests that aid tends to peak immediately after peace is attained and decline thereafter. Aid composition broadly reflects post-conflict priorities, with large parts of aid financing social expenditure and infrastructure investment. Aid has significant short-term effects on the real exchange rate (RER), as inferred from the behavior of RER in the world. While moderate RER overvaluation is observed in post-conflicts, it cannot be traced down to the aid flows. The empirical evidence on world growth reveals new findings about the pattern of catch-up growth during post-conflicts and the role of key growth determinants on post-conflict growth. Aid is an important determinant of growth, both generally and more strongly during post-conflict periods. Because RER misalignment reduces growth, RER overvaluation during post-conflicts reduces catch-up growth. Aid and RER overvaluation combined also lower growth. But the negative growth effect of RER overvaluation declines with financial development.

Absorptive Capacities --- Assets --- Conflict and Development --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Current Account --- Debt Markets --- Depreciation --- Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness --- Domestic-Currency --- Dutch Disease --- Economic Conditions and Volatility --- Economic Growth --- Economic Theory and Research --- Economies --- Economy --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium --- Equilibrium Level --- Export Diversification --- Export Growth --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Macroeconomic Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Misalignment --- Overvaluation --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Pro-Poor Growth --- Real Exchange Rate --- Real Exchange Rate Appreciation --- Real Exchange Rate Overvaluation --- Relative Price --- Risks --- Social Conflict and Violence --- Social Development

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A major feat of research and synthesis, this book presents the first comprehensive history of the Dutch economy in the nineteenth century--an important but poorly understood piece of European economic history. Based on a detailed reconstruction of extensive economic data, the authors account for demise of the Dutch economy's golden age. After showing how institutional factors combined to make the Dutch economy a victim of its own success, the book traces its subsequent emergence as a modern industrial economy. Between 1780 and 1914, the Netherlands went through a double transition. Its economy--which, in the words of Adam Smith, was approaching a "stationary state" in the eighteenth century--entered a process of modern economic growth during the middle decades of the nineteenth. At the same time, the country's sociopolitical structure was undergoing radical transformation as the decentralized polity of the republic gave way to a unitary state. As the authors show, the dramatic transformation of the Dutch political structure was intertwined with equally radical changes in the institutional structure of the economy. The outcome of this dual transition was a rapidly industrializing economy on one side and, on the other, the neocorporatist sociopolitical structure that would characterize the Netherlands in the twentieth century. Analyzing both processes with a focus on institutional change, this book argues that the economic and political development of the Netherlands can be understood only in tandem.

Niederlande. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Agriculture. --- Balance of trade. --- Bank. --- Bankruptcy. --- Budget. --- Capital market. --- Case study. --- Cashier. --- Colonial surplus. --- Commodity. --- Comparative advantage. --- Competition. --- Corporatism. --- Credit risk. --- Cultivation System. --- Currency. --- Customer. --- Demand For Labor. --- Democratization. --- Dividend. --- Economic Life. --- Economic development. --- Economic growth. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy of the Netherlands. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Expenditure. --- Expense. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial services. --- Fiscal policy. --- Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. --- Free trade. --- Government Paper. --- Government bond. --- Government debt. --- Haarlem. --- Income. --- Industrial production. --- Industrialisation. --- Industry. --- Infrastructure. --- Institution. --- Insurance. --- Interest rate. --- International trade. --- Investment. --- Investor. --- Laborer. --- Legislation. --- Liberalization. --- Manufacturing. --- Manure. --- Market price. --- Measures of national income and output. --- Middle class. --- National accounts. --- Patriot movement. --- Payment. --- Political entrepreneur. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Poor relief. --- Poverty. --- Primary sector of the economy. --- Productivity. --- Protectionism. --- Public finance. --- Real wages. --- Recession. --- Relative price. --- Retail. --- Rye bread. --- Saving. --- Scarcity. --- Secondary sector of the economy. --- Service Sector. --- Shipbuilding. --- Shortage. --- Stadtholder. --- State formation. --- Subsidy. --- Supply (economics). --- Tariff. --- Tax. --- Textile industry. --- Trade union. --- Transaction cost. --- Uncertainty. --- Unemployment. --- Urbanization. --- Wage. --- Wealth. --- Welfare state. --- World economy.

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With the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, any pretense of a connection of the world's currencies to any real commodity has been abandoned. Yet since the 1980s, most central banks have abandoned money-growth targets as practical guidelines for monetary policy as well. How then can pure "fiat" currencies be managed so as to create confidence in the stability of national units of account?Interest and Prices seeks to provide theoretical foundations for a rule-based approach to monetary policy suitable for a world of instant communications and ever more efficient financial markets. In such a w

Finances internationales --- Inflation --- Intérêt (économie politique) --- Politique monétaire --- Monetary policy --- International finance --- Modèles économétriques --- Econometric models --- Capital assets pricing model --- Spéculation --- Modèle de fixation du prix des actifs --- Politique monetaire. --- Politique economique. --- Interet (Economie) --- Prix. --- 333.842 --- -Prices --- 332.46 --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Willingness to pay --- Prijsvorming. Prijskostenverhouding. Prijsbeweging. Prijsfluctuatie--macroeconomisch; prijsindex zie {336.748.12} --- Geld. Monetaire politiek --- Deflatie. --- Intérêt (Économie) --- Politique économique. --- Politique monétaire. --- Intérêt (Économie). --- 338.5 Prijsvorming. Prijskostenverhouding. Prijsbeweging. Prijsfluctuatie--macroeconomisch; prijsindex zie {336.748.12} --- Spéculation --- Modèle de fixation du prix des actifs --- Analyse financière --- 330.101 --- 336.74 --- 306.110 --- 330.00 --- 333.403 --- 333.44 --- 333.820 --- 333.841 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.5 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- 336.74 Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Macro-economie --- Algemeenheden over indexcijfers --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Monetaire theorieën. Kwantitatieve theorie. Theorie van de incasso's. Optiek van de uitgaven en inkomens --- Monetaire congressen, conferenties en onderzoeken --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- Inflatie --- Deflatie --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector --- Macroeconomics --- Money. Monetary policy --- Monetary policy. --- Securities --- Speculation --- Investment analysis --- Capital investments. --- Politique monétaire --- Valeurs mobilières --- Investissements de capitaux --- Prices --- Mathematical models --- Prix --- Modèles mathématiques --- Finances internationales. --- Modèles économétriques. --- Politique monétaire. --- Politique économique. --- Intérêt (Économie) --- Account (accountancy). --- Addition. --- Aggregate demand. --- Aggregate expenditure. --- Aggregate supply. --- Approximation. --- Autocorrelation. --- Budget constraint. --- Calculation. --- Central bank. --- Characteristic polynomial. --- Coefficient. --- Conditional expectation. --- Consumption (economics). --- Cost curve. --- Currency. --- Deflation. --- Demand curve. --- Determinacy. --- Determinant. --- Economic equilibrium. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elasticity of substitution. --- Estimation. --- Expected value. --- Expenditure. --- Factor market. --- Federal funds rate. --- Fiscal policy. --- Forecasting. --- GDP deflator. --- IS–LM model. --- Impulse response. --- Income. --- Indexation. --- Inflation targeting. --- Inflation. --- Initial condition. --- Interest rate. --- Interest. --- Intertemporal budget constraint. --- Investment. --- Lagrange multiplier. --- Long run and short run. --- Loss function. --- Marginal cost. --- Marginal rate of substitution. --- Marginal utility. --- Market liquidity. --- Market power. --- Market rate. --- Markup (business). --- Mathematical optimization. --- Monetary base. --- Monetary transmission mechanism. --- Money supply. --- New Keynesian economics. --- Nominal interest rate. --- Nominal rigidity. --- Optimization problem. --- Output gap. --- Partial derivative. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Phillips curve. --- Potential output. --- Prediction. --- Present value. --- Price Change. --- Price index. --- Price level. --- Pricing. --- Private sector. --- Probability. --- Production function. --- Quantity. --- Real Rate Of Return. --- Real gross domestic product. --- Real income. --- Real interest rate. --- Real versus nominal value (economics). --- Real wages. --- Relative price. --- Requirement. --- Stabilization policy. --- State of the World (book series). --- Stochastic discount factor. --- Stochastic process. --- Stock. --- Structural equation modeling. --- Supply (economics). --- Tax rate. --- Tax. --- Taylor rule. --- Time preference. --- Trade-off. --- Utility. --- Intérêt (économie politique) --- Modèles économétriques.