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The book provides a comprehensive approach to the assessment of the nature of exporting activity, combining well-established theoretical reasoning with empirical evidence, and also signalling important economic policy recommendations. It is suitable for a wide range of recipients, ranging from scholars and students, to policy-makers or local/regional authorities engaged in the process of designing/implementing regional policies. Regional authorities show more interest in export potential because globalisation makes the regional economies more open and vulnerable to external economic shocks. The international trade channel has become an important factor influencing the region's economic performance, including dynamics and volatility of economic growth as well as labour market performance. Due to economic transition and the accession to the EU, Poland's regions have become more open than ever. For regions of both Poland and Spain (an EU country similar to Poland in terms of size and the number of administrative units), being part of the EU's internal market with a free circulation of goods and capital - exerts competitive pressure, which can be regarded a stress test showing the regional adaptive capacity and competitiveness. Apart from the in-depth review of the regional export activity of Poland and Spain, the book also provides similar insights for Canada and Australia, in terms of their regional export performance and trade policy. About authors: Stanisław Umiñski (PhD), professor at the University of Gdansk, Department of International Economics and Economic Development. Co-founder and vice-president of the Institute of Development. BI consultant, ABSL, Poland. Participant and head of research projects on FDI, foreign trade and regional development, carried on for instance for European Commission, National Bank of Poland, Ministry of Regional Development, National Science Centre. Author and co-author of publications in the fi elds of FDI, competitiveness, the foreign trade of regions and special economic zones. Jarosław M. Nazarczuk (PhD), assistant professor at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Participant of research projects concerning: operation of special economic zones, regional export activity, the role of institutions in fi rms' location decisions, economic development of selected regions, evaluation of regional operational programmes, high-tech clusters, regional marketing, fi nanced from National Science Centre or carried for regional marshals' o ces and other public entities. Author and co-author of publications on SEZs, regional export performance, FDI, smart specialisation, location determinants, public aid effectiveness.

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / General. --- regional economics, foreign trade, international trade, regional analysis.

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Face à l'insatisfaction du système agroalimentaire conventionnel globalisé, plusieurs mouvements alternatifs d’alimentation émergent à travers le monde. Ces mouvements se développent autour d’un certain nombre de problématiques telles que la santé, l’environnement, la qualité de l'alimentation ou encore la justice sociale, menacés par le système actuel. Parmi ces alternatives, les marchés fermiers sont souvent décrits comme des lieux faisant face à ces problématiques. Ils sont vus comme une source de produits de qualité, durables et équitables. Certains spécialistes les voient également comme des lieux de rencontres et d’échanges entre des populations de divers horizons. D’autres chercheurs reconnaissent leur capacité à animer les lieux sur lesquels ils s’implantent. Néanmoins, les articles scientifiques portant sur cette thématique sont peu nombreux en Wallonie.
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer l’interaction entre le phénomène des marchés fermiers et l’activité touristique à l’échelle de la Wallonie. Etant un phénomène peu connu et non étudié en Wallonie, cet objet d’étude sera défini à l’aide d’une analyse comparative des définitions proposées à l’échelle mondiale. Sur base de cette définition, un recensement est opéré afin d’établir un inventaire à l’échelle de la Wallonie. Des tests d’indépendance Chi² sont ensuite réalisés afin de vérifier cette interaction entre les marchés fermiers et l’activité touristique. 
Analysé sous une dimension régionale, l’aspect récréatif des marchés fermiers peut également être étudié à une échelle plus fine : une enquête a été réalisée sur plusieurs marchés fermiers sélectionnés afin de rassembler des informations à son sujet. Séparée en plusieurs parties, cette enquête permet de récolter des données concernant le profil des visiteurs, les critères de visite que ces derniers considèrent comme importants et les différentes fonctions des marchés fermiers. L’échelle de Likert est utilisée pour récupérer l’information relative aux fonctions et aux critères. Grâce à une Analyse des Correspondances Multiples (ACM), une typologie des visiteurs est établie. Une fois la population enquêtée partitionnée, une analyse de distribution est réalisée sur les fonctions et les critères de visite afin d’étudier les similarités et les différences entre les sous-populations. 
A travers cette recherche, nous avons pu observer une certaine influence entre les marchés fermiers wallons et la distribution de l’activité touristique en Wallonie. De plus, un premier inventaire régional fut réalisé. La typologie des visiteurs a principalement mis en évidence des populations caractérisées par un facteur « distance au marché fermier » et un facteur « enfants ». L’analyse des fonctions et des critères a montré que les fonctions et les critères n’étaient pas nécessairement identiques entre les sous-populations étudiées : les non-touristes accordent généralement moins d’importance aux éléments récréatifs que les touristes et les excursionnistes. Cette différence observée entre ces sous-populations mène à des politiques de développement territorial adaptées à chacune d'entre elles. Faced with the dissatisfaction of the globalized conventional agri-food system, several alternative food movements are emerging around the world. These movements are developing around a number of issues, such as health, the environment, food quality or even social justice and these are threatened by the current system. Among these alternatives, farmers' markets are often described as places facing these issues. They are perceived as a source of quality, sustainable and fairtrade products. Some specialists also regard them as places where people from different backgrounds can meet and exchange. Other researchers recognize their ability to animate the places where they set up. Nevertheless, there are few scientific articles on this topic in Wallonia.
The objective of this research is to explore the interaction between the phenomenon of farmers' markets and tourist activity across Wallonia. This phenomenon is little known and has not yet been studied in Wallonia. This object of study will be defined by means of a comparative analysis of the proposed definitions on a worldwide scale. On the basis of this definition, a census is carried out in order to accomplish an inventory across Wallonia. Chi² independence tests are then used to verify this interaction between farmers' markets and tourism activity. 
Analysed from a regional perspective, the recreational aspect of farmers' markets can also be studied on a finer scale: a survey is performed on several selected farmers' markets to gather information about them. This survey is divided in several parts and data is collected on the profile of visitors, the visit criteria they consider important and the different functions of farmers' markets. The Likert scale is used to retrieve information about functions and criteria. Thanks to a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), a typology of visitors is established. Once the surveyed population is partitioned, a distribution analysis is performed on visit functions and criteria to study similarities and differences between sub-populations. 
Through this research, some influences between Walloon farmers' markets and the distribution of tourist activity in Wallonia have been observed. In addition, a first regional inventory was carried out. The visitor typology mainly highlighted populations characterized by a "distance to the farmer's market" and a "children's" factor. The analysis of functions and criteria showed that functions and criteria were not necessarily identical between the studied sub-populations : non-tourists generally attach less importance to recreational elements than tourists and excursionists. This difference observed between sub-populations leads to territorial development policies adapted to each of them.

Marchés fermiers --- Destination touristique --- Analyse régionale --- Localisation --- Touriste --- Typologie --- Fonctions --- Critères de visite --- Activité touristique --- Recensement --- Animation --- Wallonie --- Farmers'markets --- Tourist destination --- Regional analysis --- Localisation --- Tourist --- Typology --- Functions --- Visit criteria --- Tourist activity --- Census --- Animation --- Wallonia --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Géographie humaine & démographie --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Etudes régionales & interrégionales