Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The need for more sustainable and integrative planning processes as a way of dealing with the complexity of urban mobility has been widely recognized. Within the European Union (EU) there has been an enhanced focus on urban mobility solutions where local authorities move away from past 'silo approaches' and develop approaches that can stimulate a shift towards cleaner and more sustainable transport modes, in line with the EU's 2013 Urban Mobility Package and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs).As people choose to move away from cities to the periphery or to neighboring municipalities, it becomes critical that the organization of urban transport services, including commuter rail, is coordinated within functional urban areas based on travel-to-work patterns and not be limited to a city's administrative area.International experience suggests that public transport planners must recognize two integration dimensions: (a) integration among all modes and routes comprising the multi-modal public transport network, (b) integration of the public transport offer within a functional urban area, such that the public transport offer matches the mobility requirements of passengers. Successful integration in both dimensions will provide a more customer-friendly experience and make public transport more efficient and cost-effective.The objective of this Report is to assess barriers to fare integration and impediments to integrated service planning. More specifically, it aims to: analyze the current legal framework, review current fare discount policy and public financing of such discounts, identify legal obstacles to fare integration; present examples of European best practice in the area of public transport integration; and provide recommendations to remove barriers to fare and ticketing integration.The World Bank identified six key recommendations aimed at incentivizing public transport integration: i) Introducing uniform statutory fare discount system. ii) Reforming the system for financing statutory fare discounts. iii) Removing barriers to cooperation among different levels of self-government. iv) Strengthening local authorities responsible for transport and creating open integration platforms. v) Protecting PSO Operators from creaming skimming. vi)Promote fare integration. Changing the status quo will require significant changes to the legal environment for public transport aimed at removing barriers to integration.

City Development Strategies --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Regional Urban Development --- Urban Development

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Reshaping Urbanization in Rwanda: Economic and Spatial Trends and Proposals is an Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA), jointly provided by the Poverty and Equity Global Practice and the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice at the World Bank. The objective of this report is to inform the Government's policies and strategies on urbanization as a driver of economic development, job creation, and poverty reduction, through the following four stand-alone but closely related notes. Stimulating urban economic development, particularly outside the capital city of Kigali, is critical to helping Rwanda to achieve its strategic objective of a 35 percent urban population share by 2020. This note looks at the current growth rates and characteristics of secondary cities1 and other fast-growing towns outside of Kigali, and assesses the opportunities and prospects for, as well as constraints upon, future economic growth and development. It also sets out key actions required from the Government of Rwanda (GoR) tohelp stimulate growth in these cities and towns. There are multiple population estimates for secondary cities and fast-growning towns due to the inconsistencies in defining which areas are urban and in defining city boundaries, and thus which sectors to include in estimates of city populations. According to the 2002 and 2012 censuses, the six secondary cities grew at an average rate of 3.3 percent over this period, slower than the national rate of urban growth of 4.1 percent and the rate for Kigali of 4.2 percent. In comparison, the three fast-growing towns are estimated to have grown at a rate of 5.3 percent, albeit from a lower starting base, between 2002 and 2012. Of the secondary cities, Musanze, Rubavu and Nyagatare are growing most rapidly. The Musanze to Rubavu corridor benefits from (i) the rich agricultural resources along this corridor, and (ii) Rubavu's proximity to the large market of Goma in DRC. Nyagatare has absorbed significant investment in recent years, and has also benefitted from the high levels of migration to the East of the country witnessed by the most recent inter-censual period. This is reflected in the findings of Note 2 which identifies internal migration toward the Eastern Province.

City Development Strategies --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Public Sector Development --- Regional Urban Development --- Rural Urban Linkages --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The objective of this report is to inform the government's policies and strategies on urbanization as a driver of economic development, job creation, and poverty reduction. Note 1 examines Rwanda's urbanization process since 2002 by analyzing satellite images and other sources. This note presents and analyses the core features and trends of Rwanda's urbanization process. In the first part, it lays out the overall trends in Rwanda's levels of urbanization and the primary trends in urban expansion of Rwanda's key cities, and presents central legal and institutional elements that influence and inform the dynamics of urbanization. Second, it analyses the characteristics and spatial economy of the urban system. Third, it provides an analysis of key characteristics of connectivity of the urban system, domestically and with perspectives to regional connectivity. Last, the note lays out a set of policy implications.

City Development Strategies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Regional Urban Development --- Transport --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Governance and Management

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Tanzania's growth and poverty reduction aspirations hinge on shifting from a reliance on agriculture toward greater productivity. Cities' key role in generating a more competitive economy is already apparent: in 2012, just four Tanzanian cities produced more than half of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), and they are expected to represent almost 60 percent of the country's GDP in 2030. Urban areas also account for the majority of the country's physical, financial, human, academic, and technological capital. Cities are integral for shaping Tanzania's development, but what shape are cities in now and where are they heading based on current trends? This report analyses the state of Tanzania's urbanization process and the condition of its cities and institutions through the lens of three main challenges that constrain the contribution of Tanzania's towns and cities to economic diversification and growth, reduce their resilience to shocks, and limit their livability and inclusivity. The report then offers a set of recommendations to guide policies and investments that will promote urban planning for inclusive and resilient urban development, stronger connections between cities and neighborhoods, and institutions and financing mechanisms that are well placed to scale up sustainable urban development.

City Development Strategies --- Municipal Financial Management --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Regional Urban Development --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Sprawl --- Urbanization

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report is organized in four sections. Section one provides an overview of the context in which many ECA cities consolidated. This section includes a review of the key factors that shaped the urban systems of ECA, including a discussion of the implication of urbanizing under planned economies and a discussion of recent demographic trends (migration and fertility). This section also includes an overview of the contribution of the urban sector to ECA's economy and the linkages between urbanization and economic development. Section two zooms into ECA's urban systems and describes emerging trends in population and economic density using the Cities in ECA database. Among the observed trends, is the emergence of two opposing patterns in ECA's urban system: one of (population) growth and one of decline. Section three takes a closer look at cities, comparing winners to losers, and parses through underlying factors that could explain their relative position. Finally, section four touches on the policy implications of the report's empirical findings, highlighting how other countries and cities have managed decline and identifies potential follow-up work. The report is based on a unique city-level database that covers more than 5,000 cities in the region. The report does not intend to provide country specific or in-depthassessment at the sub-regional level, does not cover other angles of interest (firm-level analysis, household-level analysis) or provide an in-depth analysis of policy implications. These are both limitations, and potential follow-up activities. However, the report is complemented by 17 country-level snapshots, which describe in detail country specific trends.

City Development Strategies --- Demographics --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- National Urban Development Policies and Strategies --- Regional Urban Development --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development