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Impairment of orexin/hypocretin signaling causes narcolepsy-cataplexy in animals and humans. Most human narcolepsy-cataplexy cases are associated with orexin/hypocretin ligand deficiency, which can be detected clinically using cerebrospinal orexin/hypocretin measures and may lead to future treatments with orexin/hypocretin replacement therapy. In The Orexin/Hypocretin System: Physiology and Pathophysiology, leading researchers and clinicians review these exciting developments to set the stage for further research on the loss of orexin/hypocretin neurons in humans, regulation of sleep and wakefulness by the orexin/hypocretin system, and the role of the orexin/hypocretin system in many other physiological processes, including feeding, autonomic regulation, and neuroendocrine regulation. Topics of interest include an assessment of the functions and the physiology of orexin/hypocretin, its pathophysiology in human narcolepsy-cataplexy, and possible pharmacological treatments. The authors also introduce several experimental methods for orexin/hypocretin research, and, using multidisciplinary approaches, explain their uses and limitations. Authoritative and state-of-the-art, The Orexin/Hypocretin System: Physiology and Pathophysiology will aid scientists in the search for novel bioactive peptides and their receptors, as well as novel physiological insights and opportunities for the clinical treatment of not only narcolepsy, but also a broad range of diseases associated with endocrine, feeding, and body weight regulation.

Narcolepsy. --- Orexins. --- Orexins --- Narcolepsy --- Disorders of Excessive Somnolence --- Peptides --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Receptors, Peptide --- Nerve Tissue Proteins --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Proteins --- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Membrane Proteins --- Dyssomnias --- Sleep Disorders --- Nervous System Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Diseases --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Neuropeptides --- Receptors, Neuropeptide --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Hypocretins --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Sleep disorders --- Hypothalamic hormones

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Opioid research has grown enormously over the last decade, and with it, the need to apply multiple techniques from a variety of disciplines. In Opioid Research: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers and physicians provide a comprehensive collection of the major cross-disciplinary methods and protocols used in current opioid research, covering topics from molecular and genetic techniques, to behavioral analyses of animal models, to clinical practices. The well-practiced authors describe their best molecular techniques for the cloning and expression of opioid receptors, and for the quantitative characterization of their signaling pathways, as well as for mapping the distribution and detecting the expression levels of opioid receptors, opioid peptides, and their messages, in both brain tissues and individual cells. Also included are methods for the creation of in vitro and in vivo animal models to study opioid functions, as well as the clinical applications in the treatment of pain and opioid addiction. Each proven technique contains step-by-step instructions, explanations of the basic science involved, and notes on avoiding pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, Opioid Research: Methods and Protocols offers researchers an indispensable guide to all the major multidisciplinary techniques needed for successful research in opioid biology and medicine today.

Opioids --- Narcotics --- Receptors, Opioid --- metabolism --- physiology --- Drugs -- Research. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Opioids -- Laboratory manuals. --- Pharmacology. --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Analgesics --- Receptors, Neuropeptide --- Central Nervous System Depressants --- Central Nervous System Agents --- Receptors, Peptide --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Sensory System Agents --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Therapeutic Uses --- Membrane Proteins --- Peripheral Nervous System Agents --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Drugs --- Research. --- Pharmaceutical research --- Pharmacology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Opium-like agents --- Research --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Opium --- Physiological effect --- Pharmacy. --- Chemistry --- Medicine --- Materia medica

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"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been recognized primarily as autocrine/paracrine factors that regulate embryonic development and organogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed that some FGFs function as endocrine factors and regulate various metabolic processes in adulthood. Such FGFs, collectively called endocrine FGFs, are comprised of three members (FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23: FGF15 is the mouse ortholog of human FGF19). These endocrine FGFs share a common structural feature that enables the endocrine mode of action at the expense of the affinity to FGF receptors. To restore the affinity to FGF receptors in their target organs, the endocrine FGFs have designated the Klotho family of transmembrane proteins as obligate co-receptors. By expressing Klothos in a tissue-specific manner, this unique co-receptor system also enables the endocrine FGFs to specify their target organs among many tissues that express FGF receptors"--Provided by publisher.

Endocrine toxicology. --- Fibroblast growth factors. --- Protein binding. --- Receptors, Growth Factor --- Anatomy --- Glycoside Hydrolases --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Peptides --- Proteins --- Receptors, Peptide --- Biological Factors --- Hydrolases --- Phenomena and Processes --- Enzymes --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Membrane Proteins --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Metabolism --- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor --- Fibroblast Growth Factors --- Endocrine System --- Glucuronidase --- Biology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Fibroblast growth factors --- Endocrinology. --- Endocrine aspects. --- Metabolism. --- Fibroblast growth factor --- Life sciences. --- Gene expression. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Gene Expression. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Expression --- Growth factors --- Mitogens --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Cytology.

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In 1988, Gavril W. Pasternak published the first edition of this seminal text. It was a lucid account of the latest knowledge on opiate receptors and related receptor subtypes, a then controversial field, providing an integrated approach correlating the biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological aspects of opiate reaction. Fully revised and expanded, The Opiate Receptors, 2nd edition presents all the advances made in the field in the past twenty years. It covers a wide variety of topics including, but not limited to, the following: pharmacology of opioid drugs; endogenous opioids; molecular biology of mu receptors; molecular biology of delta receptors; kappa opioid receptor gene and the regulatory mechanisms of its protein expression; opioid receptor signal transduction mechanisms; mu opioid receptor mediated analgesia and reward; kappa opioid receptor function; delta opioid receptor function; genetics of opioid receptor functions in mice; opioid receptor trafficking; opioid receptor dimerization; molecular modulation of in vivo tolerance; and genetics of opioid actions. Written by leading international researchers in the field, this new edition is as groundbreaking and vital as its predecessor.

Endorphins -- Receptors. --- Endorphins. --- Opioids -- Receptors. --- Opioids. --- Receptors. --- Endorphins --- Opioids --- Receptors, Neuropeptide --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Opioid Peptides --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Peptides --- Neuropeptides --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Receptors, Peptide --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Nerve Tissue Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Membrane Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Proteins --- Receptors, Opioid --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Neurology --- Receptors --- Opioid receptors --- Endorphin receptors --- Morphine receptors --- Narcotic receptors --- Opiate receptors --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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The evolution in our understanding of Opioid receptors and their subtypes is intimately linked to the development of new pharmacological treatments for diseases and disorders as diverse as addiction, self-injurious behavior, pain, cancer, inflammation, eating disorders, traumatic injury, pruritis and movement disorders. The contributions contained in Opioid Receptors and Antagonists: From Bench to Clinic represent efforts from leading international scientists and clinicians making use of the latest information emerging from the study of the opioid-receptor system. The authors use a variety of experimental and clinical approaches involving the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, anatomy, pharmacology, behavioral neuroscience and psychiatry to illustrate rapidly developing experimental and therapeutic areas. Highlights include characterization of opioid receptors, chemistry and pharmacology of opiod antagonists for various receptor subtypes (Mu, Kappa, and Delta), discussion of therapeutic uses of opiod antagonists and exploration of innovative approaches to therapeutic drug delivery. Opioid Receptors and Antagonists: From Bench to Clinic offers a comprehensive view of recent work on opiod antagonist applications and uses in various clinical treatments. Emphasis is placed on disorders of the reward system. This volume serves as reference while also illuminating prospects for future research.

Endorphins. --- Endorphins --- Opioids --- Nervous system --- Peptides --- Central Nervous System Agents --- Mental Disorders --- Investigative Techniques --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Receptors, Neuropeptide --- Neuropeptides --- Therapeutics --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Diseases --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Sensory System Agents --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Chemistry --- Therapeutic Uses --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Pharmacology --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Receptors, Peptide --- Peripheral Nervous System Agents --- Nerve Tissue Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Membrane Proteins --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Narcotic Antagonists --- Receptors, Opioid --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Drug Discovery --- Drug Therapy --- Opioid Peptides --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Receptors --- Antagonists --- Chemotherapy --- Antagonists. --- Receptors. --- Chemotherapy. --- Opioid receptors --- Endorphin receptors --- Morphine receptors --- Narcotic receptors --- Opiate receptors --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Neurosciences --- Opioid peptides