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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation

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This book is an open access book. This book provides an overview of the ERIGrid validation methodology for validating CPES, a holistic power system testing method. It introduces readers to corresponding simulation and laboratory-based tools, including co-simulation, real-time simulation, and hardware-in-the-loop. Selected test cases and validation examples are provided, in order to support the theory discussed. The book begins with an introduction to current power system testing methods and an overview of the ERIGrid system-level validation approach. It then moves on to discuss various validation methods, concepts and tools, including simulation and laboratory-based assessment methods. The book presents test cases and validation examples of the proposed methodologies and summarises the lessons learned from the holistic validation approach. In the final section of the book, the educational aspects of these methods, the outlook for the future, and overall conclusions are discussed. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and laboratory personnel in the fields of power systems and smart grids, as well as undergraduate and graduate students studying related engineering topics.

Energy systems. --- Power electronics. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Computer engineering. --- Internet of things. --- Embedded computer systems. --- Energy Systems. --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Cyber-physical systems, IoT. --- Embedded systems (Computer systems) --- Computer systems --- Architecture Analysis and Design Language --- IoT (Computer networks) --- Things, Internet of --- Computer networks --- Embedded Internet devices --- Machine-to-machine communications --- Computers --- Electronics, Power --- Electric power --- Electronics --- Design and construction --- Energy Systems --- Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Networks --- Renewable and Green Energy --- Cyber-physical systems, IoT --- Energy Grids and Networks --- Electrical Power Engineering --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Cyber-Physical Systems --- Power Systems --- Smart Grids --- Validation and Testing --- Power Systems Testing --- Power Systems Lab Validation --- Real Time Simulation --- Smart Grids Validation Testing --- Open Access --- Energy technology & engineering --- Electrical engineering --- Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology --- Cybernetics & systems theory

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At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.

autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response

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Energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies are key contributors to curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases that continue to cause global warming. The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also strongly affect electrical power systems. Renewable sources, storage systems, and flexible loads provide new system controls, but power system operators and utilities have to deal with their fluctuating nature, limited storage capabilities, and typically higher infrastructure complexity with a growing number of heterogeneous components. In addition to the technological change of new components, the liberalization of energy markets and new regulatory rules bring contextual change that necessitates the restructuring of the design and operation of future energy systems. Sophisticated component design methods, intelligent information and communication architectures, automation and control concepts, new and advanced markets, as well as proper standards are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of such intelligent power systems that form smart grids. Due to the considerably higher complexity of such cyber-physical energy systems, constituting the power system, automation, protection, information and communication technology (ICT), and system services, it is expected that the design and validation of smart-grid configurations will play a major role in future technology and system developments. However, an integrated approach for the design and evaluation of smart-grid configurations incorporating these diverse constituent parts remains evasive. The currently available validation approaches focus mainly on component-oriented methods. In order to guarantee a sustainable, affordable, and secure supply of electricity through the transition to a future smart grid with considerably higher complexity and innovation, new design, validation, and testing methods appropriate for cyber-physical systems are required. Therefore, this book summarizes recent research results and developments related to the design and validation of smart grid systems.

web of cells --- IHE --- distribution grid --- accuracy --- use cases --- Development --- synchrophasors --- underground cabling --- solar photovoltaics (PV) --- laboratory testbed --- conceptual structuration --- Quasi-Dynamic Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop --- coupling method --- time synchronization --- smart energy systems --- substation automation system (SAS) --- testing --- investment --- time delay --- interface algorithm (IA) --- PHIL (power hardware in the loop) --- network outage --- operational range of PHIL --- wind power --- elastic demand bids --- Model-Based Software Engineering --- Enterprise Architecture Management --- plug-in electric vehicle --- Smart Grid Architecture Model --- linear/switching amplifier --- pricing scheme --- average consensus --- traffic reduction technique --- cell --- gazelle --- smart grids control strategies --- real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments --- 4G Long Term Evolution—LTE --- power loss allocation --- cyber-physical energy system --- experimentation --- microgrid --- resilience --- integration profiles --- remuneration scheme --- renewable energy sources --- shiftable loads --- droop control --- Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop --- peer-to-peer --- validation techniques for innovative smart grid solutions --- frequency containment control (FCC) --- synchronous power system --- power frequency characteristic --- development and implementation methods for smart grid technologies --- cascading procurement --- IEC 62559 --- device-to-device communication --- DC link --- validation and testing --- information and communication technology --- TOGAF --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- active distribution network --- stability --- Validation --- synchronized measurements --- Architecture --- locational marginal prices --- SGAM --- network reconfiguration --- interoperability --- seamless communications --- fault management --- real-time simulation --- System-of-Systems --- market design elements --- micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) --- co-simulation-based assessment methods --- islanded operation --- connectathon --- Software-in-the-Loop --- voltage control --- electricity distribution --- distribution phasor measurement units --- centralised control --- data mining --- robust optimization --- modelling and simulation of smart grid systems --- hardware-in-the-Loop --- smart grids --- cyber physical co-simulation --- design --- decentralised energy system --- procurement scheme --- Smart Grid --- smart grid --- distributed control --- fuzzy logic --- Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) --- simulation initialization --- multi-agent system --- adaptive control --- real-time balancing market --- co-simulation --- optimal reserve allocation --- Web-of-Cells --- Hardware-in-the-Loop --- micro-synchrophasors --- linear decision rules --- synchronization --- hardware-in-the-loop --- PMU --- high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) --- market design --- demand response

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Power electronics technology is still an emerging technology, and it has found its way into many applications, from renewable energy generation (i.e., wind power and solar power) to electrical vehicles (EVs), biomedical devices, and small appliances, such as laptop chargers. In the near future, electrical energy will be provided and handled by power electronics and consumed through power electronics; this not only will intensify the role of power electronics technology in power conversion processes, but also implies that power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift, from centralized distribution to distributed generation. Today, more than 1000 GW of renewable energy generation sources (photovoltaic (PV) and wind) have been installed, all of which are handled by power electronics technology. The main aim of this book is to highlight and address recent breakthroughs in the range of emerging applications in power electronics and in harmonic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues at device and system levels as discussed in ‎robust and reliable power electronics technologies, including fault prognosis and diagnosis technique stability of grid-connected converters and ‎smart control of power electronics in devices, microgrids, and at system levels.

Q-factor --- lithium-ion power battery pack --- electromagnetic field (EMF) --- expert systems --- total harmonic distortion (THD) --- current-fed inverter --- rotor design --- class-D amplifier --- LCL-S topology --- current switching ripple --- system in package --- energy storage modelling --- smart micro-grid --- embedded systems --- equivalent inductance --- SHIL --- permanent magnet --- static var generator (SVG) --- permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) --- control strategy and algorithm --- digital control --- zero-voltage switching (ZVS) --- SOC estimator --- electric power --- optimal design --- electromagnetic field interference (EMI) --- line frequency instability --- analog phase control --- five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine --- distribution generation --- leakage inductance --- adjacent two-phase open circuit fault (A2-Ph) --- chaotic PWM --- electric vehicles --- CMOS chaotic circuit --- series active filter --- cascaded topology --- total demand distortion --- efficiency motor --- triangular ramp generator --- 4T analog MOS control --- inductive coupling --- induction machines --- nanocrystalline core --- semi-active bridge --- multi-level control --- simulation models --- voltage source inverters (VSI) --- battery management system BMS --- voltage source converter --- current control loops --- droop control --- particle swarm optimization --- variable control gain --- state of charge SoC --- extended Kalman filter --- transient control --- multi-objective optimization --- composite equalizer --- converter --- DHIL --- five-leg voltage source inverter --- axial flux machines --- bifurcation --- active receivers --- field programmable gate array --- Nyquist stability analysis --- electric vehicle --- static compensator --- stability --- common-mode inductor --- DC–DC converters --- support vector machines --- electromagnetic compatibility --- real-time simulation --- passive equalization --- matrix converters --- wireless power transfer --- digital phase control --- compensation topology --- volt-per-hertz control (scalar control) --- switching losses --- voltage control --- hybrid converter --- bidirectional converter --- coupling factor --- selective harmonic elimination method --- power electronics --- soft switching --- optimization design --- multilevel inverter --- five-phase machine --- phase-shift control --- lithium-ion battery --- voltage boost --- VPI active damping control --- parameter identification --- electrical engineering communications --- current control --- DC–DC conversion --- battery management system --- GaN cascode --- single-switch --- high-frequency modeling --- synchronous motor --- power quality --- water purification --- power factor correction (PFC) --- composite active vectors modulation (CVM) --- digital signal controller --- line start --- power density --- hardware in loop --- n/a --- fault diagnosis --- multi-level converter (MLC) --- induction motor --- dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) --- neural networks --- electromagnetic interference filter --- battery chargers --- power converter --- harmonics --- multiphase space vector modulation --- torque ripple --- power factor correction --- electrical drives --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- active power filter --- double layer capacitor (DLC) models --- PMSG --- response time --- resonator structure --- floating-point --- effect factors --- DC-link voltage control --- sliding mode control --- phasor model technique --- wireless power transfer (WPT) --- slim DC-link drive --- fault-tolerant control --- lithium-ion batteries --- DC-AC power converters --- conducting angle determination (CAD) techniques --- variable speed pumped storage system --- impedance-based model --- one cycle control --- renewable energy sources --- series-series compensation --- cogging torque --- active rectifiers --- three-level boost converter (TLBC) --- DC-link cascade H-bridge (DCLCHB) inverter --- battery energy storage systems --- filter --- power management system --- improved extended Kalman filter --- dead-time compensation --- disturbance observer --- reference phase calibration --- frequency locking --- space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) --- predictive controllers --- nine switch converter --- transmission line --- spread-spectrum technique --- energy storage --- electromagnetic interference --- renewable energy resources control --- harmonic linearization --- misalignment --- plug-in hybrid electric vehicles --- high level programing --- nearest level modulation (NLM) --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- EMI filter --- permanent-magnet machines --- real-time emulation --- switched capacitor --- back EMF --- fixed-point --- HF-link MPPT converter --- condition monitoring --- WPT standards --- switching frequency --- switching frequency modelling --- high frequency switching power supply --- field-programmable gate array --- three-phase bridgeless rectifier --- ice melting --- AC–DC power converters --- hybrid power filter --- PSpice --- microgrid control --- total harmonic distortion --- grid-connected inverter --- dynamic PV model --- fuzzy --- boost converter --- SiC PV Supply --- voltage doubling --- nonlinear control --- distributed control --- power system operation and control --- one phase open circuit fault (1-Ph) --- direct torque control (DTC) --- battery modeling --- non-linear phenomena --- frequency-domain analysis --- advanced controllers --- vector control --- fixed-frequency double integral sliding-mode (FFDISM) --- power converters --- modulation index --- DC-DC buck converter --- small signal stability analysis --- active equalization --- voltage source inverter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- current source --- synchronization --- grid-connected VSI --- synchronous generator --- fault tolerant control --- DC-DC converters --- DC-DC conversion --- AC-DC power converters