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"In recent years 'leaderless' social movements have proliferated around the globe, from North Africa and the Middle East to Europe, the Americas, and East Asia. Some of these movements have led to impressive gains: the toppling of authoritarian leaders, the furthering of progressive policy, and checks on repressive state forces. They have also been, at times, derided by journalists and political analysts as disorganized and ineffectual, or suppressed by disoriented and perplexed police forces and governments who fail to effectively engage them. Activists, too, struggle to harness the potential of these horizontal movements. Why have the movements, which address the needs and desires of so many, not been able to achieve lasting change and create a new, more democratic and just society? Some people assume that if only social movements could find new leaders they would return to their earlier glory. Where, they ask, are the new Martin Luther Kings, Rudi Dutschkes, and Stephen Bikos? With the rise of right-wing political parties in many countries, the question of how to organize democratically and effectively has become increasingly urgent. Although today's leaderless political organizations are not sufficient, a return to traditional, centralized forms of political leadership is neither desirable nor possible. Instead, as Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri argue, familiar roles must be reversed: leaders should be responsible for short-term, tactical action, but it is the multitude that must drive strategy. In other words, if these new social movements are to achieve meaningful revolution, they must invent effective modes of assembly and decision-making structures that rely on the broadest democratic base. Drawing on ideas developed through their well-known Empire trilogy, Hardt and Negri have produced, in Assembly, a timely proposal for how current large-scale horizontal movements can develop the capacities for political strategy and decision-making to effect lasting and democratic change. We have not yet seen what is possible when the multitude assembles"--Inside jacket.

Economic order --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Community organization --- Political sociology --- Representative government and representation --- Democracy --- Social movements --- Power (Social sciences) --- Political aspects --- Representative government and representation. --- Democracy. --- Régimes parlementaires. --- Démocratie --- Mouvements sociaux --- Pouvoir (sciences sociales) --- Political aspects. --- Aspect politique. --- Démocratie. --- Social movements - Political aspects --- Régimes parlementaires. --- Démocratie.

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Comme le notait Maurice Hauriou, « Si le droit n'utilisait pas le temps, s'il se réduisait à des actes instantanés, il ne serait rien ». Le droit constitutionnel entretient un rapport particulier au temps dans la mesure où il constitue le cadre structurant dans lequel le droit de l'État est conçu, produit et appliqué, qu'il s'agisse de la loi ou de la Constitution, produites au sein d'une instance délibérante symbole d'une cohésion nationale de nature démocratique : le Parlement. En ce XXIe siècle, où les rapports de la société et de l'homme au temps ont profondément évolué, les parlements doivent, au sein de nos démocraties contemporaines, traduire dans leurs trois fonctions principales (faire la loi, contrôler le gouvernement et représenter) un rapport au temps prenant en compte la triple nécessité du débat, de la participation de la société civile, et de l'efficacité attachée à la production du droit. Les analyses présentées ici portent sur les parlements de cinq des États membres de l'UE ainsi que sur le Parlement européen. Elles font ressortir les rapports complexes qu'entretiennent les instances parlementaires avec le temps sous le double prisme du droit constitutionnel et de la science politique en réservant une place importante aux acteurs mêmes des parlements étudiés. Restituées lors d'un colloque organisé à l'Assemblée nationale puis au Sénat en décembre 2016, elles sont la première étape d'un projet qui sera élargi à l'ensemble des États de l'UE.

Parlements --- Temps --- Régimes parlementaires --- BPB9999 --- BPB1901 --- Parlement national --- Droit comparé --- Procédure parlementaire --- Procédure législative --- Pouvoir de contrôle --- Nationaal parlement --- Vergelijkend recht --- Parlementaire procedure --- Wetgevende procedure --- Toezichthoudende bevoegdheid --- 214 Parlement --- Parliamentary practice --- Legislation --- Legislative bodies --- Constitutional history --- Histoire constitutionnelle --- Comparative law --- setgħa ta' sorveljanza --- kontrolní moc --- контролираща способност --- järelevalveõigus --- pooblastilo za nadzor --- priežiūros galia --- putere de control --- право надзора --- εξουσία ελέγχου --- kontrolná moc --- poder de controlo --- poder de control --- kontrolbeføjelse --- kompetencje do kontrolowania --- pravo nadzora --- potere di controllo --- toezichthoudende bevoegdheid --- надлежност за вршење надзор --- uzraudzības pilnvaras --- felügyeleti jogkör --- Kontrollbefugnis --- valvontaoikeus --- kontrollbefogenhet --- fuqi mbikëqyrëse --- supervisory power --- nejvyšší kontrolní orgán --- kontrolní orgán --- kontrollmakt --- järelevalveasutus --- funzione di controllo --- autorité de contrôle --- felügyeleti hatóság --- надзорни органи --- право на надзор --- autoritet mbikëqyrës --- autoridad de control --- kontrolmyndighed --- priežiūros įgaliojimai --- autoridade de controlo --- kontrolný úrad --- valvontaviranomainen --- supervisory authority --- controleautoriteit --- uzraudzības iestāde --- autoritate de control --- autorità di controllo --- procedurë legjislative --- wetgevende procedure --- Gesetzgebungsverfahren --- lainsäädäntömenettely --- procedimiento legislativo --- legislative procedure --- νομοθετική διαδικασία --- seadusandlik menetlus --- törvényalkotási eljárás --- законодавни поступак --- законодавна постапка --- įstatymų leidyba --- zakonodajni postopek --- legislativní proces --- procedura legislativa --- likumdošanas kārtība --- nós imeachta reachtach --- procedură legislativă --- lovgivningsprocedure --- legislatívny proces --- законодателна процедура --- zakonodavni postupak --- procedura ustawodawcza --- processo legislativo --- proċedura leġiżlattiva --- lagstiftningsförfarande --- lagstiftningsprocess --- zákonodárná procedura --- proces legislativ --- zákonodarná procedúra --- vaivém legislativo --- įstatymų leidybos būdas --- proces normotvorby --- tvorba práva --- legislativní technika --- likumdošanas tehnika --- Weg der Gesetzgebung --- zákonodárný proces --- legislatívna technika --- menetlus --- iter legislativo --- técnica legislativa --- Gesetzgebungstechnik --- legislative process --- procesi legjislativ --- номотехника --- legislativní postup --- zákonodárný postup --- legislative technique --- technique législative --- seadusandlik protsess --- νομοτεχνική επεξεργασία --- lovgivningsteknik --- processus législatif --- tecnica parlamentare --- törvényhozási eljárás --- zakonodavna procedura --- lainsäädäntöprosessi --- lainsäädäntöjärjestelmä --- постапка за донесување закон --- įstatymų leidybos procesas --- tvorba norem --- törvényhozási folyamat --- teknikë legjislative --- proceso legislativo --- normotvorba --- navette législative --- método legislativo --- tvorba zákonů --- metodo della navette --- legislativní činnost --- νομοθετικό έργο --- likumdošanas process --- zakonodavni proces --- parlamentarisches Verfahren --- procedură parlamentară --- parlementaire procedure --- procedura parlamentare --- парламентарни поступак --- parlamentný postup --- parlamentarisk procedure --- parlamenta procedūra --- procedimiento parlamentario --- parlamentsförfarande --- menettely parlamentissa --- parlamentní proces --- parlamento darbo tvarka --- parlamentarni postopek --- парламентарна процедура --- parliamentary procedure --- procedura parlamentarna --- κοινοβουλευτική διαδικασία --- parlamentarni postupak --- processo parlamentar --- procedurë parlamentare --- parlamendimenetlus --- parlamenti eljárás --- парламентарна постапка --- proċedura parlamentari --- parlamentní procedury --- examen parlamentario --- parlamentaarne analüüs --- parlamentsbehandling --- esame parlamentare --- examen parlementaire --- parlamentsundersøgelse --- exame parlamentar --- parlamentaarinen tarkastelu --- parlamentné skrutínium --- parlamentarna procedura --- κοινοβουλευτική εξέταση --- parlamentinė analitinė priežiūra --- primerjalno pravo --- vertaileva oikeustiede --- lyginamoji teisė --- salīdzinošās tiesības --- direito comparado --- võrdlev õigusteadus --- сравнително право --- sammenlignende ret --- συγκριτικό δίκαιο --- comparative law --- jämförande rätt --- компаративно право --- Derecho comparado --- dritt komparat --- diritto comparato --- Rechtsvergleichung --- komparatívne právo --- poredbeno pravo --- srovnávací právo --- drept comparat --- e drejta e krahasuar --- vergelijkend recht --- упоредно право --- prawo porównawcze --- összehasonlító jog --- právní komparatistika --- komparativ ret --- споредбено право --- võrdlev õigus --- assembleia nacional --- Parlamento nacional --- εθνικό κοινοβούλιο --- parlament kombëtar --- national parliament --- valsts parlaments --- nationalt parlament --- nationales Parlament --- nacionalni parlament --- rahvusparlament --- nemzeti parlament --- национални парламент --- parlament național --- nationellt parlament --- národní parlament --- državni parlament --- národný parlament --- parlamento nazionale --- kansallinen parlamentti --- parlament nazzjonali --- šalies parlamentas --- parlament narodowy --- национален парламент --- nationaal parlement --- federální parlament --- státní parlament --- centrální parlament --- Cortes Generales --- Εθνική Αντιπροσωπεία --- parlament státu --- folketing --- Βουλή --- ústřední parlament --- parlamento nacional --- celostátní parlament --- nacionalinis parlamentas --- Εθνοσυνέλευση --- Federální shromáždění --- Saeima --- Parlements. --- Temps. --- cumhacht mhaoirseachta --- nós imeachta parlaiminteach --- an dlí comparáideach --- parlaimint náisiúnta --- Régimes parlementaires --- Pouvoir de contrôle --- Droit comparé --- Procédure parlementaire --- Procédure législative