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Molecular biology --- Gene Amplification --- Polymerase Chain Reaction. --- Polymerase chain reaction --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- congresses. --- Congresses --- Congrès

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DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase. --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques. --- Polymerase Chain Reaction. --- Gene amplification --- Polymerase chain reaction --- Redondance génétique --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase

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In 1985, Kary Mullis was driving late at night through the flowering buckeye to the ancient California redwood forest, cogitating upon new ways to sequence DNA. Instead he came upon a way to double the number of specific DNA modules, and to repeat the process essentially indefinitely. 1 He thought of using two oligonucleotide sequences, oppositely oriented, and a DNA polymerase enzyme, to double the number of DNA targets. Each product would thene become the target for the next reaction, effectively yielding a product which doubled in quantity with each repeated cycle. Like the chain reaction leading to nuclear fission, with each cycle event each initial reactant (neutron or DNA molecule) yields two similar products, each of which can serve as the initial reactant. The invention of this exponentially increasing amplification system quickly became known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The tremendous sensitivity of PCR ultimately resides in the necessity for each of two specific oligonucleotide annealing reactions to occur at the same time in the proper orientation. The DNA annealing reaction is a very specific reaction. Single genes have been detected by hybridization of a DNA probe to chromosome preparations together with sensitive fluorescence microscopy. This is the equivalent to detecting a gene present in a single copy per cell genome. It is the combination of two such specific annealing reactions which makes possible the amplification needed to detect a single molecule with a specific DNA sequence in over 100,000 cell genomes.

heat exchangers --- General biochemistry --- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) --- polymers --- Clinical chemistry --- biochemie --- warmtewisselaars --- microscopy --- Nuclear physics --- polymeren --- Macromolecules --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- Polymerase chain reaction --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- methods --- Polymerase chain reaction. --- methods. --- Methods. --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- PCR --- HANDBOOKS --- METHODS

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Gene expression --- Polymerase chain reaction. --- DNA fingerprinting. --- Messenger RNA. --- Expression génique --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Empreintes génétiques --- ARN messager --- Research --- Methodology. --- Recherche --- Méthodologie --- Polymerase chain reaction --- Messenger RNA --- DNA fingerprinting --- Methodology --- Expression génique --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Empreintes génétiques --- Méthodologie --- Gene expression - Research - Methodology

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Polymerase chain reaction. --- Gene amplification --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Redondance génétique --- Cancer --- Molecular genetics --- Molecular probes. --- Basic Sciences. Molecular Biology --- Genetic aspects. --- Methodology. --- Nucleic Acids --- Nucleic Acids. --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Redondance génétique