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Dissertation
Optimization of the CIP, the starts and the ramp-ups of packaging lines
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2018 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

The old packaging lines JB1 and JB3 of the ABInBev plant of Jupille present poor efficiency during
the starts occurring after stops of a few hours up to several days.
Indeed, the cleaning, starting and ramp-up processes are not optimal and face a lot of technical
problems but also important problems of organization and of process operation. There is a need
to improve them to gain time and then increase its productivity.
This work performs a detailed analysis of the problems encountered during these phases, based
on quantitative records and observations on the shop floor. The critical machines are identified
and the root causes of the problems are investigated.
A set of solutions and action plans are developed to solve the problems. One of the main solutions
is an organizational tool, the start document. It contains a chronogram for the CIP and the start
of the whole line, the process order for the preparation of the fillers and a ramp-up indicator.
Other smaller technical and organizational actions have also been set up on the lines.
Finally, results have been recorded to evaluate the global impact of the complete set of solutions
that has been developed during the whole duration of this work. The performance indicators
reveal an improvement of the start and ramp-up processes of the two lines.


Book
Grease
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.


Book
Grease
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- grease degradation --- contact angle --- yield stress --- shearing --- tribology properties --- grease consistency --- grease testing --- cone penetration --- rheometer testing --- grease --- tackiness --- adhesion --- four-ball tester --- heat dissipation --- speed ramp up --- ASTM D2596 --- grease weld load --- grease friction --- greases --- EVs --- hybrid vehicle --- driveline lubricant --- electrification --- thermal properties --- electromagnetic field --- noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) --- energy efficiency --- elastohydrodynamic lubrication --- isothermal --- non-Newtonian --- point contact --- grease lubrication --- Bauer's model --- pressure gradient --- equivalent viscosity --- hybrid bearings --- electric vehicles --- electric motors --- friction and wear --- bio-based grease --- film thickness --- friction measurements --- polyurea thickener --- PAO --- CNTs --- wear --- coefficient of friction --- tribological behavior --- fretting --- sliding --- lubricating grease --- heterogeneous crystallization --- glass transition --- rheology --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- grease degradation --- contact angle --- yield stress --- shearing --- tribology properties --- grease consistency --- grease testing --- cone penetration --- rheometer testing --- grease --- tackiness --- adhesion --- four-ball tester --- heat dissipation --- speed ramp up --- ASTM D2596 --- grease weld load --- grease friction --- greases --- EVs --- hybrid vehicle --- driveline lubricant --- electrification --- thermal properties --- electromagnetic field --- noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) --- energy efficiency --- elastohydrodynamic lubrication --- isothermal --- non-Newtonian --- point contact --- grease lubrication --- Bauer's model --- pressure gradient --- equivalent viscosity --- hybrid bearings --- electric vehicles --- electric motors --- friction and wear --- bio-based grease --- film thickness --- friction measurements --- polyurea thickener --- PAO --- CNTs --- wear --- coefficient of friction --- tribological behavior --- fretting --- sliding --- lubricating grease --- heterogeneous crystallization --- glass transition --- rheology --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)


Book
Seeking the bomb : strategies of nuclear proliferation
Author:
ISBN: 9780691223063 0691223068 9780691172613 9780691172620 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

The first systematic look at the different strategies that states employ in their pursuit of nuclear weaponsMuch of the work on nuclear proliferation has focused on why states pursue nuclear weapons. The question of how states pursue nuclear weapons has received little attention. 'Seeking the Bomb' is the first book to analyze this topic by examining which strategies of nuclear proliferation are available to aspirants, why aspirants select one strategy over another, and how this matters to international politics.

Keywords

Nuclear nonproliferation. --- Nuclear arms control. --- Nuclear weapons control --- Arms control --- Nuclear weapons --- Export of nuclear materials --- Export of nuclear technology --- International control of nuclear energy --- Nonproliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear exports --- Nuclear proliferation --- Proliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear-weapon-free zones --- International control --- Polemology --- Nuclear weapons. --- Atomic weapons --- Fusion weapons --- Thermonuclear weapons --- Weapons of mass destruction --- No first use (Nuclear strategy) --- Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear warfare --- Government policy. --- Abdul Qadeer Khan. --- Agreed Framework. --- Airspace. --- Antenna (radio). --- Atal Bihari Vajpayee. --- Atomic Age. --- Axis of evil. --- Bait and bleed. --- Baruch Plan. --- Beijing. --- Bharat Karnad. --- Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. --- Center for International Security and Cooperation. --- Cold War. --- Commissioner. --- Communist Party of China. --- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. --- Disarmament. --- Doublethink. --- Escape velocity. --- Exothermic reaction. --- Experiment. --- Falklands War. --- Flexible response. --- German re-armament. --- Great Satan. --- Igor Kurchatov. --- Intention (criminal law). --- Interim. --- John Mearsheimer. --- Kinetic bombardment. --- Klaus Fuchs. --- Military dictatorship. --- Misinformation. --- Modernity. --- Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. --- Munir Ahmad Khan. --- Nobility. --- North Korean defectors. --- Nuclear Tipping Point. --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear proliferation. --- Nuclear sharing. --- Nuclear strategy. --- Nuclear umbrella. --- Nuclear warfare. --- Nuclear weapon. --- Operation Barbarossa. --- Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction. --- Pakistanis. --- Paramount leader. --- Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. --- Peaceful nuclear explosion. --- Plutonium. --- Post-Soviet states. --- Qasem Soleimani. --- Quebec Agreement. --- Ramp up. --- Reactor-grade plutonium. --- Ronen Sen. --- Saudis. --- Scott Sagan. --- Security assurance. --- Security studies. --- South Africa and weapons of mass destruction. --- Soviet Empire. --- Spark gap. --- Superiority (short story). --- Supply chain. --- Swedish nuclear weapons program. --- Tacit knowledge. --- Tactical nuclear weapon. --- Taepodong-2. --- The Indian Express. --- The Making of the Atomic Bomb. --- The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. --- Three Non-Nuclear Principles. --- Two-front war. --- NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION --- NUCLEAR WEAPONS --- NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT

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