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"Modular forms are tremendously important in various areas of mathematics, from number theory and algebraic geometry to combinatorics and lattices. Their Fourier coefficients, with Ramanujan's tau-function as a typical example, have deep arithmetic significance. Prior to this book, the fastest known algorithms for computing these Fourier coefficients took exponential time, except in some special cases. The case of elliptic curves (Schoof's algorithm) was at the birth of elliptic curve cryptography around 1985. This book gives an algorithm for computing coefficients of modular forms of level one in polynomial time. For example, Ramanujan's tau of a prime number P can be computed in time bounded by a fixed power of the logarithm of P. Such fast computation of Fourier coefficients is itself based on the main result of the book: the computation, in polynomial time, of Galois representations over finite fields attached to modular forms by the Langlands program. Because these Galois representations typically have a nonsolvable image, this result is a major step forward from explicit class field theory, and it could be described as the start of the explicit Langlands program. The computation of the Galois representations uses their realization, following Shimura and Deligne, in the torsion subgroup of Jacobian varieties of modular curves. The main challenge is then to perform the necessary computations in time polynomial in the dimension of these highly nonlinear algebraic varieties. Exact computations involving systems of polynomial equations in many variables take exponential time. This is avoided by numerical approximations with a precision that suffices to derive exact results from them. Bounds for the required precision--in other words, bounds for the height of the rational numbers that describe the Galois representation to be computed--are obtained from Arakelov theory. Two types of approximations are treated: one using complex uniformization and another one using geometry over finite fields. The book begins with a concise and concrete introduction that makes its accessible to readers without an extensive background in arithmetic geometry. And the book includes a chapter that describes actual computations"-- "This book represents a major step forward from explicit class field theory, and it could be described as the start of the 'explicit Langlands program'"--

Galois modules (Algebra) --- Class field theory. --- Algebraic number theory --- Galois module structure (Algebra) --- Galois's modules (Algebra) --- Modules (Algebra) --- Arakelov invariants. --- Arakelov theory. --- Fourier coefficients. --- Galois representation. --- Galois representations. --- Green functions. --- Hecke operators. --- Jacobians. --- Langlands program. --- Las Vegas algorithm. --- Lehmer. --- Peter Bruin. --- Ramanujan's tau function. --- Ramanujan's tau-function. --- Ramanujan's tau. --- Riemann surfaces. --- Schoof's algorithm. --- Turing machines. --- algorithms. --- arithmetic geometry. --- arithmetic surfaces. --- bounding heights. --- bounds. --- coefficients. --- complex roots. --- computation. --- computing algorithms. --- computing coefficients. --- cusp forms. --- cuspidal divisor. --- eigenforms. --- finite fields. --- height functions. --- inequality. --- lattices. --- minimal polynomial. --- modular curves. --- modular forms. --- modular representation. --- modular representations. --- modular symbols. --- nonvanishing conjecture. --- p-adic methods. --- plane curves. --- polynomial time algorithm. --- polynomial time algoriths. --- polynomial time. --- polynomials. --- power series. --- probabilistic polynomial time. --- random divisors. --- residual representation. --- square root. --- square-free levels. --- tale cohomology. --- torsion divisors. --- torsion.

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In the spring of 1976, George Andrews of Pennsylvania State University visited the library at Trinity College, Cambridge to examine the papers of the late G.N. Watson.  Among these papers, Andrews discovered a sheaf of 138 pages in the handwriting of Srinivasa Ramanujan. This manuscript was soon designated, "Ramanujan's lost notebook." Its discovery has frequently been deemed the mathematical equivalent of finding Beethoven's tenth symphony. This volume is the third of five volumes that the authors plan to write on Ramanujan’s lost notebook and other manuscripts and fragments found in The Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers, published by Narosa in 1988.  The ordinary partition function p(n) is the focus of this third volume. In particular, ranks, cranks, and congruences for p(n) are in the spotlight. Other topics include the Ramanujan tau-function, the Rogers–Ramanujan functions, highly composite numbers, and sums of powers of theta functions. Review from the second volume: "Fans of Ramanujan's mathematics are sure to be delighted by this book. While some of the content is taken directly from published papers, most chapters contain new material and some previously published proofs have been improved. Many entries are just begging for further study and will undoubtedly be inspiring research for decades to come. The next installment in this series is eagerly awaited." - MathSciNet Review from the first volume: "Andrews a nd Berndt are to be congratulated on the job they are doing. This is the first step...on the way to an understanding of the work of the genius Ramanujan. It should act as an inspiration to future generations of mathematicians to tackle a job that will never be complete." - Gazette of the Australian Mathematical Society.

Functions, Theta. --- Mathematicians -- India -- Biography. --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, 1887-1920. --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Algebra --- Mathematics - General --- Mathematicians --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, --- Ṣrīnivāsa-Rāmānuja Aiyaṅgār, --- Ramanujan, Srinivasa, --- Aiyangar, Srinivasa Ramanujan, --- Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanuja, --- Ramanuja Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar, --- Ramanudzhan Aĭengar, --- Ramanujan, S. --- Ramanujam, S. --- Mathematics. --- Number theory. --- Number Theory. --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of

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This volume is the first of approximately four volumes devoted to providing statements, proofs, and discussions of all the claims made by Srinivasa Ramanujan in his lost notebook and all his other manuscripts and letters published with the lost notebook. In addition to the lost notebook, this publication contains copies of unpublished manuscripts in the Oxford library, in particular, his famous unpublished manuscript on the partition and tau-functions; fragments of both published and unpublished papers; miscellaneous sheets; and Ramanujan's letters to G. H. Hardy, written from nursing homes during Ramanujan's final two years in England. This volume contains accounts of 442 entries (counting multiplicities) made by Ramanujan in the aforementioned publication. The present authors have organized these claims into eighteen chapters, containing anywhere from two entries in Chapter 13 to sixty-one entries in Chapter 17. Most of the results contained in Ramanujan's Lost Notebook fall under the purview of q-series. These include mock theta functions, theta functions, partial theta function expansions, false theta functions, identities connected with the Rogers-Fine identity, several results in the theory of partitions, Eisenstein series, modular equations, the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction, other q-continued fractions, asymptotic expansions of q-series and q-continued fractions, integrals of theta functions, integrals of q-products, and incomplete elliptic integrals. Other continued fractions, other integrals, infinite series identities, Dirichlet series, approximations, arithmetic functions, numerical calculations, diophantine equations, and elementary mathematics are some of the further topics examined by Ramanujan in his lost notebook.

q-series. --- Mathematics. --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, --- Math --- Science --- Series --- Ṣrīnivāsa-Rāmānuja Aiyaṅgār, --- Ramanujan, Srinivasa, --- Aiyangar, Srinivasa Ramanujan, --- Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanuja, --- Ramanuja Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar, --- Ramanudzhan Aĭengar, --- Ramanujan, S. --- Ramanujam, S. --- Geometry, algebraic. --- Sequences (Mathematics). --- Functions, special. --- Algebraic Geometry. --- Sequences, Series, Summability. --- Special Functions. --- Special functions --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical sequences --- Numerical sequences --- Algebra --- Mathematics --- Algebraic geometry --- Geometry --- Algebraic geometry. --- Special functions.

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In the spring of 1976, George Andrews of Pennsylvania State University visited the library at Trinity College, Cambridge, to examine the papers of the late G.N. Watson. Among these papers, Andrews discovered a sheaf of 138 pages in the handwriting of Srinivasa Ramanujan. This manuscript was soon designated, "Ramanujan's lost notebook." Its discovery has frequently been deemed the mathematical equivalent of finding Beethoven's tenth symphony. This fifth and final installment of the authors’ examination of Ramanujan’s lost notebook focuses on the mock theta functions first introduced in Ramanujan’s famous Last Letter. This volume proves all of the assertions about mock theta functions in the lost notebook and in the Last Letter, particularly the celebrated mock theta conjectures. Other topics feature Ramanujan’s many elegant Euler products and the remaining entries on continued fractions not discussed in the preceding volumes. Review from the second volume: "Fans of Ramanujan's mathematics are sure to be delighted by this book. While some of the content is taken directly from published papers, most chapters contain new material and some previously published proofs have been improved. Many entries are just begging for further study and will undoubtedly be inspiring research for decades to come. The next installment in this series is eagerly awaited." - MathSciNet Review from the first volume: "Andrews and Berndt are to be congratulated on the job they are doing. This is the first step...on the way to an understanding of the work of the genius Ramanujan. It should act as an inspiration to future generations of mathematicians to tackle a job that will never be complete." - Gazette of the Australian Mathematical Society.

Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematicians --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, --- Ṣrīnivāsa-Rāmānuja Aiyaṅgār, --- Ramanujan, Srinivasa, --- Aiyangar, Srinivasa Ramanujan, --- Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanuja, --- Ramanuja Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar, --- Ramanudzhan Aĭengar, --- Ramanujan, S. --- Ramanujam, S. --- Functions, special. --- Functions of complex variables. --- Number theory. --- Special Functions. --- Functions of a Complex Variable. --- Number Theory. --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- Algebra --- Complex variables --- Elliptic functions --- Functions of real variables --- Special functions --- Special functions.

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In the spring of 1976, George Andrews of Pennsylvania State University visited the library at Trinity College, Cambridge, to examine the papers of the late G.N. Watson. Among these papers, Andrews discovered a sheaf of 138 pages in the handwriting of Srinivasa Ramanujan. This manuscript was soon designated, "Ramanujan's lost notebook." Its discovery has frequently been deemed the mathematical equivalent of finding Beethoven's tenth symphony. This volume is the fourth of five volumes that the authors plan to write on Ramanujan’s lost notebook.  In contrast to the first three books on Ramanujan's Lost Notebook, the fourth book does not focus on q-series.  Most of the entries examined in this volume fall under the purviews of number theory and classical analysis.  Several incomplete manuscripts of Ramanujan published by Narosa with the lost notebook are discussed.  Three of the partial manuscripts are on diophantine approximation, and others are in classical Fourier analysis and prime number theory.   Most of the entries in number theory fall under the umbrella of classical analytic number theory.   Perhaps the most intriguing entries are connected with the classical, unsolved circle and divisor problems. Review from the second volume: "Fans of Ramanujan's mathematics are sure to be delighted by this book. While some of the content is taken directly from published papers, most chapters contain new material and some previously published proofs have been improved. Many entries are just begging for further study and will undoubtedly be inspiring research for decades to come. The next installment in this series is eagerly awaited." - MathSciNet Review from the first volume: "Andrews and Berndt are to be congratulated on the job they are doing. This is the first step...on the way to an understanding of the work of the genius Ramanujan. It should act as an inspiration to future generations of mathematicians to tackle a job that will never be complete." - Gazette of the Australian Mathematical Society.

Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematicians -- India -- Biography. --- Number theory. --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, 1887-1920. --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Algebra --- Mathematicians --- Ramanujan Aiyangar, Srinivasa, --- Ṣrīnivāsa-Rāmānuja Aiyaṅgār, --- Ramanujan, Srinivasa, --- Aiyangar, Srinivasa Ramanujan, --- Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanuja, --- Ramanuja Iyengar, Srinivasa Iyengar, --- Ramanudzhan Aĭengar, --- Ramanujan, S. --- Ramanujam, S. --- Mathematics. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Fourier analysis. --- Special functions. --- Number Theory. --- Analysis. --- Fourier Analysis. --- Special Functions. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Functions, special. --- Special functions --- Mathematical analysis --- Analysis, Fourier --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Number study --- Numbers, Theory of --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis