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In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant famously criticizes traditional metaphysics and its proofs of immortality, free will and God's existence. What is often overlooked is that Kant also explains why rational beings must ask metaphysical questions about 'unconditioned' objects such as souls, uncaused causes or God, and why answers to these questions will appear rationally compelling to them. In this book, Marcus Willaschek reconstructs and defends Kant's account of the rational sources of metaphysics. After carefully explaining Kant's conceptions of reason and metaphysics, he offers detailed interpretations of the relevant passages from the Critique of Pure Reason (in particular, the 'Transcendental Dialectic') in which Kant explains why reason seeks 'the unconditioned'. Willaschek offers a novel interpretation of the Transcendental Dialectic, pointing up its 'positive' side, while at the same time it uncovers a highly original account of metaphysical thinking that will be relevant to contemporary philosophical debates.

Kant, Immanuel, --- Kant, --- Kant, E., --- Kant, Emanuel, --- Kant, Emmanuel, --- Kant, I. --- Kant, Immanuil, --- Kant, Immanuel --- Metafísica --- Filosofia --- Absolut (Filosofia) --- Causalitat --- Cosmologia --- Cosmovisió --- Espai (Filosofia) --- Espai i temps --- Forma (Filosofia) --- Hilemorfisme --- Immanència (Filosofia) --- Infinit --- Necessitat (Filosofia) --- Raó suficient --- Repetició (Filosofia) --- Subjecte (Filosofia) --- Substància (Filosofia) --- Teoria del coneixement --- Temps (Filosofia) --- U (L'U en filosofia) --- Valors (Filosofia) --- Déu --- Ésser (Filosofia) --- Filosofia de la ment --- Ontologia --- Transcendència (Filosofia)

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This book argues that according to Metaphysics Zeta, substantial forms constitute substantial being in the sensible world, and individual composites make up the basic constituents that possess this kind of being. The study explains why Aristotle provides a reexamination of substance after the Categories, Physics, and De Anima, and highlights the contribution Z is meant to make to the science of being. Norman O. Dahl argues that Z.1-11 leaves both substantial forms and individual composites as candidates for basic constituents, with Z.12 being something that can be set aside. He explains that although the main focus of Z.13-16 is to argue against a Platonic view that takes universals to be basic constituents, some of its arguments commit Aristotle to individual composites as basic constituents, with Z.17’s taking substantial form to constitute substantial being is compatible with that commitment. .

Philosophy, classical. --- Greek philology. --- Classical Philosophy. --- Greek. --- Classical philology --- Greek language --- Greek literature --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Greek language. --- Classical languages --- Indo-European languages --- Greek philology --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Metafísica --- Substància (Filosofia) --- Filosofia antiga --- Aristòtil, --- Filosofia clàssica --- Filosofia --- Ciència antiga --- Cosmologia antiga --- Eleàtics --- Epicureisme --- Estètica antiga --- Estoïcisme --- Filosofia grega --- Filosofia romana --- Gnosticisme --- Maniqueisme --- Megàrics --- Neoplatonisme --- Orfisme --- Filòsofs antics --- Realitat --- Quatre elements (Filosofia) --- Ésser (Filosofia) --- Ontologia --- Subjecte (Filosofia) --- Absolut (Filosofia) --- Causalitat --- Cosmologia --- Espai (Filosofia) --- Espai i temps --- Forma (Filosofia) --- Hilemorfisme --- Immanència (Filosofia) --- Infinit --- Necessitat (Filosofia) --- Raó suficient --- Repetició (Filosofia) --- Teoria del coneixement --- Temps (Filosofia) --- U (L'U en filosofia) --- Valors (Filosofia) --- Déu --- Filosofia de la ment --- Transcendència (Filosofia) --- Aristotelis, --- Aristoteleus, --- Aristoteloys, --- Aristotle, --- Aristote, --- Aristotele, --- Aristóteles, --- Arystoteles, --- Aristóteles --- Aristòtil --- Cosmovisió

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This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.

Lògica --- Argumentació --- Dialèctica (Lògica) --- Lògica deductiva --- Filosofia --- Intel·ligència --- Psicologia --- Abstracció --- Alteritat (Filosofia) --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Condicionals (Lògica) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Dilema --- Evidència --- Hipòtesi --- Inconsistència (Lògica) --- Inducció (Lògica) --- Intenció (Lògica) --- Judici lògic --- Lògica deòntica --- Metodologia --- Modalitat (Lògica) --- Nominalisme --- Positivisme lògic --- Probabilitats --- Raó suficient --- Sil·logisme --- Sofismes --- Teoria del coneixement --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Metodologia de la ciència --- Pensament --- Raonament --- Karl R. Popper --- Deductive Logic --- Logical Constants --- Proof-theoretic Semantics --- Classical Logic --- Non-classical Logic --- Inferential Definitions --- Mathematical Logic --- Negation --- Modalities --- History of Logic --- L.E.J. Brouwer --- Paul Bernays --- Rudolf Carnap --- Alonzo Church --- Kalman Joseph Cohen --- Henry George Forder --- Harold Jeffreys --- Stephen Cole Kleene --- Logic. --- Mathematical logic. --- Language and languages --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Stylistics. --- Style. --- Linguostylistics --- Stylistics --- Literary style --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology

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This edited book collection offers strong theoretical and philosophical insight into how digital platforms and their constituent algorithms interact with belief systems to achieve deception, and how related vices such as lies, bullshit, misinformation, disinformation, and ignorance contribute to deception. This inter-disciplinary collection explores how we can better understand and respond to these problematic practices. The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era: Dupery by Design will be of interest to anyone concerned with deception in a ‘postdigital’ era including fake news, and propaganda online. The election of populist governments across the world has raised concerns that fake news in online platforms is undermining the legitimacy of the press, the democratic process, and the authority of sources such as science, the social sciences and qualified experts. The global reach of Google, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and other platforms has shown that they can be used to create and spread fake and misleading news quickly and without control. These platforms operate and thrive in an increasingly balkanised media eco-system where networks of users will predominantly access and consume information that conforms to their existing worldviews. Conflicting positions, even if relevant and authoritative, are suppressed, or overlooked in everyday digital information consumption. Digital platforms have contributed to the prolific spread of false information, enabled ignorance in online news consumers, and fostered confusion over determining fact from fiction. The collection explores: Deception, what it is, and how its proliferation is achieved in online platforms. Truth and the appearance of truth, and the role digital technologies play in pretending to represent truth. How we can counter these vices to protect ourselves and our institutions from their potentially baneful effects. Chapter 15 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Ciències socials --- Teoria del coneixement --- Fake news --- Notícies falses --- Notícies falses (Periodisme) --- Desinformació --- Periodisme --- Epistemologia --- Gnoseologia --- Consciència --- Filosofia --- Lògica --- Metafísica --- Psicologia --- A priori --- Analogia --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Comparació (Psicologia) --- Comprensió --- Conceptes --- Constructivisme (Filosofia) --- Creença i dubte --- Criteri --- Empirisme --- Epistemologia genètica --- Error --- Experiència --- Explicació --- Falsabilitat --- Fenomenisme --- Idea (Filosofia) --- Identitat (Concepte filosòfic) --- Ideologia --- Immanència (Filosofia) --- Interdisciplinarietat --- Intuïció --- Justificació (Teoria del coneixement) --- Mems --- Objectivitat --- Observació (Psicologia) --- Percepció --- Pragmatisme --- Psicologia de la forma --- Qüestionament --- Racionalisme --- Raó suficient --- Relativisme --- Relativitat (Filosofia) --- Semblança (Filosofia) --- Sentit comú --- Sentits --- Sociologia del coneixement --- Subjecte (Filosofia) --- Subjectivitat --- Teoria de les ficcions --- Teoria del coneixement d'un mateix --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Valors (Filosofia) --- Apercepció --- Cognició --- Intel·ligència --- Realitat --- Transcendència (Filosofia) --- Veritat --- Civilització --- Anàlisi transcultural --- Comunicació en ciències socials --- Ciències de l'educació --- Civisme --- Conducta (Psicologia) --- Conservadorisme --- Criminologia --- Demografia --- Dret --- Ecologia humana --- Economia --- Equilibri social --- Fotografia en les ciències socials --- Funcionalisme (Ciències socials) --- Història --- Paradigmes (Ciències socials) --- Pluralisme cultural --- Política --- Sociologia --- Teoria econòmica --- Didàctica de les ciències socials --- Ensenyament de les ciències socials --- Fake news. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- News, Fake --- Disinformation --- Hoaxes --- Journalism --- Educational technology. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Education --- Communication. --- Digital Education and Educational Technology. --- Sociology of Knowledge and Discourse. --- Educational Philosophy. --- Media and Communication. --- Philosophy. --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Social epistemology --- Instructional technology --- Technology in education --- Technology --- Educational innovations --- Instructional systems --- Teaching --- Aids and devices --- Social sciences.

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Currículums (Ensenyament) --- Pedagogia crítica --- Teoria del coneixement --- Epistemologia --- Gnoseologia --- Consciència --- Filosofia --- Lògica --- Metafísica --- Psicologia --- A priori --- Analogia --- Categories (Filosofia) --- Certesa --- Comparació (Psicologia) --- Comprensió --- Conceptes --- Constructivisme (Filosofia) --- Creença i dubte --- Criteri --- Empirisme --- Epistemologia genètica --- Error --- Experiència --- Explicació --- Falsabilitat --- Fenomenisme --- Idea (Filosofia) --- Identitat (Concepte filosòfic) --- Ideologia --- Immanència (Filosofia) --- Interdisciplinarietat --- Intuïció --- Justificació (Teoria del coneixement) --- Mems --- Objectivitat --- Observació (Psicologia) --- Percepció --- Pragmatisme --- Psicologia de la forma --- Qüestionament --- Racionalisme --- Raó suficient --- Relativisme --- Relativitat (Filosofia) --- Semblança (Filosofia) --- Sentit comú --- Sentits --- Sociologia del coneixement --- Subjecte (Filosofia) --- Subjectivitat --- Teoria de les ficcions --- Teoria del coneixement d'un mateix --- Universals (Filosofia) --- Valors (Filosofia) --- Apercepció --- Cognició --- Intel·ligència --- Realitat --- Transcendència (Filosofia) --- Veritat --- Humanisme crític en educació --- Pedagogia radical --- Teoria crítica --- Educació popular --- Currículum --- Currículum (Ensenyament) --- Currículum bàsic --- Currículum comú --- Currículum obert --- Currículum ocult --- Currículums --- Pla d'estudis --- Plans d'estudis --- Programes d'estudi --- Programes d'ensenyament --- Ensenyament --- Sistema educatiu --- Adaptacions curriculars --- Assignatures --- Crèdits (Ensenyament) --- Disseny curricular --- Eixos transversals (Educació) --- Estudis de dones --- Modificació curricular --- Programació d'aula --- Projecte curricular de centre --- Activitats dirigides --- Avaluació curricular --- Estudis lesbians i gais --- Education --- Critical pedagogy. --- Curricula --- Philosophy. --- Critical humanism in education --- Radical pedagogy --- Critical theory --- Popular education --- Transformative learning