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Young animals respond to threatening stimuli in an age-specific way. Their endocrine and behavioral responses reflect the potential threat of the situation at a given age. The aim of the present study was to determine whether corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the endocrine and behavioral responses to threat and their developmental changes in young rats. Preweaning 14-day-old and postweaning 26-day-old rats were exposed to two age-specific threats, cat odor and an adult male rat. The acute behavioral response was determined during exposure. After exposure, the time courses of the corticosterone response and of CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and in extrahypothalamic areas were assessed. Preweaning rats became immobile when exposed to cat odor or the male rat, whereas postweaning rats became immobile to cat odor only. Male exposure increased serum corticosterone levels in 14-day-old rats, but cat odor failed to increase levels at either age. Exposure induced elevation of CRF mRNA levels in the PVN that paralleled changes in corticosterone levels. CRF may thus play a role in endocrine regulation and its developmental changes during early life. Neither cat odor nor the adult male altered CRF mRNA levels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) or the amygdala, but both stimuli increased levels in the hippocampus. Hippocampal CRF mRNA expression levels did not parallel cat odor or male-induced immobility, indicating that CRF is not involved in this response in young rats but may be involved in aspects of learning and memory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Adult. --- Age. --- Amygdala. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Area. --- Bed nucleus. --- Behavioral-responses. --- Cat odor. --- Cat. --- Corticosterone. --- Corticotropin-releasing factor. --- Corticotropin-releasing hormone. --- Corticotropin-releasing-factor. --- Crf. --- Defensive-withdrawal. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Developmental-changes. --- Endocrine. --- Exposure. --- Expression. --- Fear. --- Gene-expression. --- Glucocorticoid. --- Hippocampal. --- Hippocampus. --- Hpa axis. --- Hypothalamus. --- Immature rat. --- Immobility. --- Immobilization stress. --- Increase. --- Learning. --- Level. --- Life. --- Male rat. --- Male. --- Memory. --- Messenger-rna expression. --- Nucleus. --- Odor. --- Paraventricular nucleus. --- Pituitary-adrenal axis. --- Play. --- Predation. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Regulation. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Serum. --- Stimuli. --- Stria terminalis. --- Time-course. --- Time. --- Ultrasonic vocalization. --- Young-rats. --- Young.

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This book is a collection of original research articles in the field of computer-aided drug design. It reports the use of current and validated computational approaches applied to drug discovery as well as the development of new computational tools to identify new and more potent drugs.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- 3D-QSAR --- pharmacophore modeling --- ligand-based model --- HDACs --- isoform-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors --- aminophenylbenzamide --- hERG toxicity --- drug discovery --- fingerprints --- machine learning --- deep learning --- gene expression signature --- drug repositioning approaches --- RNA expression regulation --- high-throughput virtual screening --- dual-target lead discovery --- neurodegenerative disorders --- Alzheimer’s disease --- dual mode of action --- multi-modal --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- acetylcholinesterase --- molecular docking --- methotrexate --- drug resistance --- human dihydrofolate reductase --- virtual screening --- molecular dynamics simulation. --- epitope binning --- epitope mapping --- epitope prediction --- antibody:antigen interactions --- protein docking --- glycoprotein D (gD) --- herpes simplex virus fusion proteins --- Src inhibitors --- pharmacophore model --- molecular dynamics simulations --- in silico --- COX-2 inhibitors --- molecular modeling --- sodium–glucose co-transporters 2 --- FimH --- uropathogenic bacteria --- urinary tract infections --- diabetes --- drug-resistance mutations --- HIV-2 protease --- structural characterization --- induced structural deformations --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- multiprotein inhibiting natural compounds --- MD simulation --- 3CL-Pro --- antivirals --- docking simulations --- drug repurposing --- consensus models --- binding space --- isomeric space --- MRP4 --- SNPs --- variants --- protein threading modeling --- molecular dynamics --- binding site --- hTSPO --- PK11195 --- cholesterol --- homology modeling --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- Stone–Wales defects --- haeckelite defects --- doxorubicin encapsulation --- drug delivery system --- binding free energies --- noncovalent interactions --- main protease --- mutants --- inhibitors --- PF-00835231 --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- tuberculosis --- proteasome --- natural compounds --- multiscale --- multitargeting --- polypharmacology --- computational biology --- drug repositioning --- structural bioinformatics --- proteomic signature --- skin aging --- oxidative stress --- aging progression mechanism --- genome-wide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN) --- systems medicine design --- multiple-molecule drug --- immunoproteasome --- non-covalent inhibitors --- MD binding --- metadynamics --- induced-fit docking --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 --- Stone-Wales defects

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a collection of original research articles in the field of computer-aided drug design. It reports the use of current and validated computational approaches applied to drug discovery as well as the development of new computational tools to identify new and more potent drugs.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- 3D-QSAR --- pharmacophore modeling --- ligand-based model --- HDACs --- isoform-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors --- aminophenylbenzamide --- hERG toxicity --- drug discovery --- fingerprints --- machine learning --- deep learning --- gene expression signature --- drug repositioning approaches --- RNA expression regulation --- high-throughput virtual screening --- dual-target lead discovery --- neurodegenerative disorders --- Alzheimer's disease --- dual mode of action --- multi-modal --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- acetylcholinesterase --- molecular docking --- methotrexate --- drug resistance --- human dihydrofolate reductase --- virtual screening --- molecular dynamics simulation. --- epitope binning --- epitope mapping --- epitope prediction --- antibody:antigen interactions --- protein docking --- glycoprotein D (gD) --- herpes simplex virus fusion proteins --- Src inhibitors --- pharmacophore model --- molecular dynamics simulations --- in silico --- COX-2 inhibitors --- molecular modeling --- sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 --- FimH --- uropathogenic bacteria --- urinary tract infections --- diabetes --- drug-resistance mutations --- HIV-2 protease --- structural characterization --- induced structural deformations --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- multiprotein inhibiting natural compounds --- MD simulation --- 3CL-Pro --- antivirals --- docking simulations --- drug repurposing --- consensus models --- binding space --- isomeric space --- MRP4 --- SNPs --- variants --- protein threading modeling --- molecular dynamics --- binding site --- hTSPO --- PK11195 --- cholesterol --- homology modeling --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- Stone-Wales defects --- haeckelite defects --- doxorubicin encapsulation --- drug delivery system --- binding free energies --- noncovalent interactions --- main protease --- mutants --- inhibitors --- PF-00835231 --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- tuberculosis --- proteasome --- natural compounds --- multiscale --- multitargeting --- polypharmacology --- computational biology --- drug repositioning --- structural bioinformatics --- proteomic signature --- skin aging --- oxidative stress --- aging progression mechanism --- genome-wide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN) --- systems medicine design --- multiple-molecule drug --- immunoproteasome --- non-covalent inhibitors --- MD binding --- metadynamics --- induced-fit docking --- 3D-QSAR --- pharmacophore modeling --- ligand-based model --- HDACs --- isoform-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors --- aminophenylbenzamide --- hERG toxicity --- drug discovery --- fingerprints --- machine learning --- deep learning --- gene expression signature --- drug repositioning approaches --- RNA expression regulation --- high-throughput virtual screening --- dual-target lead discovery --- neurodegenerative disorders --- Alzheimer's disease --- dual mode of action --- multi-modal --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- acetylcholinesterase --- molecular docking --- methotrexate --- drug resistance --- human dihydrofolate reductase --- virtual screening --- molecular dynamics simulation. --- epitope binning --- epitope mapping --- epitope prediction --- antibody:antigen interactions --- protein docking --- glycoprotein D (gD) --- herpes simplex virus fusion proteins --- Src inhibitors --- pharmacophore model --- molecular dynamics simulations --- in silico --- COX-2 inhibitors --- molecular modeling --- sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 --- FimH --- uropathogenic bacteria --- urinary tract infections --- diabetes --- drug-resistance mutations --- HIV-2 protease --- structural characterization --- induced structural deformations --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- multiprotein inhibiting natural compounds --- MD simulation --- 3CL-Pro --- antivirals --- docking simulations --- drug repurposing --- consensus models --- binding space --- isomeric space --- MRP4 --- SNPs --- variants --- protein threading modeling --- molecular dynamics --- binding site --- hTSPO --- PK11195 --- cholesterol --- homology modeling --- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation --- carbon nanotubes --- Stone-Wales defects --- haeckelite defects --- doxorubicin encapsulation --- drug delivery system --- binding free energies --- noncovalent interactions --- main protease --- mutants --- inhibitors --- PF-00835231 --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- tuberculosis --- proteasome --- natural compounds --- multiscale --- multitargeting --- polypharmacology --- computational biology --- drug repositioning --- structural bioinformatics --- proteomic signature --- skin aging --- oxidative stress --- aging progression mechanism --- genome-wide genetic and epigenetic network (GWGEN) --- systems medicine design --- multiple-molecule drug --- immunoproteasome --- non-covalent inhibitors --- MD binding --- metadynamics --- induced-fit docking