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Ten percent of breast cancers are of hereditary genetic origin, with a majority of cancers carrying a mutation inactivating BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. These genes encode enzymes that are normally involved in the initiation of DNA damage repair. Therefore, about 80% of women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations develop breast cancer during their life. Once the mutation is detected, the prophylactic strategy consists in a close follow-up possibly assorted to preventive surgery. In case of a declared cancer, the therapeutic treatment is the common one for breast cancer. Yet, specific treatment is possible. Indeed, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a new class of anticancer agents with a high cytotoxic potential against BRCA-mutated cells linked to their ability to further repress DNA damage repair, thus increasing the chance of lethal mutations in cancers cells (synthetic lethality). Our graduation thesis details the major PARP inhibitors (Iniparib®, Olaparib®, Niraparib®, Veliparib®), having already shown therapeutic activity in clinical situation. Dix pourcents des cancers du sem sont d'origine génétique héréditaire, avec une majorité de cancers porteurs d;une mutation inactivatrice des gènes BRCA 1 ou BRCA2. Ces gènes codent des enzymes normalement impliquées dans l'initiation de la réparation des lésions affectant l'ADN. En conséquence, environ 80% des patientes porteuses de mutations BRCAl/2 développent un cancer du sein au cours de leur vie. En cas de mutation avérée, la stratégie prophylactique consiste en un suivi régulier associé éventuellement à une chirurgie préventive. En cas de cancer déclaré, le traitement appliqué est le traitement classique du cancer du sein. Or, un traitement spécifique est possible. En effet, les inhibiteurs de poly(ADP ribose) polymérases (PARP) sont une nouvelle classe d'anticancéreux à fort potentiel cytotoxique pour les cellules BRCA mutées, puisqu'en réprimant la réparation de l'ADN ils augmentent la chance de la survenue de mutations létales pour les cellules cancéreuses (létalité synthétique). Notre mémoire détaille les principaux inhibiteurs de PARP (Iniparib®, Olaparib®, Niraparib®, et Veliparib®) ayant à ce j our montré une activité thérapeutiq ue en situation clinique.
RNA Polymerase I --- Breast Neoplasms --- BRC-1 protein, C elegans
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RNA. --- RNA --- Vigna unguiculata --- Plant viruses --- leaves --- Enzymes --- Pathogenicity --- Molecular biology --- Rna polymerase
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Enzymology --- Molecular biology --- RNA polymerases --- ARN polymérases --- Congresses --- Congrès --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases. --- -DNA-dependent RNA polymerases --- DNA-directed RNA polymerases --- Polymerases, RNA --- Ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferases --- RNA nucleotidyltransferases --- Transferases --- Congresses. --- -Congresses --- ARN polymérases --- Congrès --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase --- RNA Polymerase --- Transcriptase --- DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases --- RNA Polymerases --- Transcriptases --- DNA Dependent RNA Polymerases --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerase --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerases --- Polymerase, DNA-Directed RNA --- Polymerase, RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Dependent RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Directed RNA --- RNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Directed --- DNA-dependent RNA polymerases --- Information, biological --- Rna polymerases
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This is an introduction to the methods and applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, a technology developed by Erlich's group at Cetus and Cetus, and is expected to be used in all biology laboratories worldwide within the next few years.
Biological techniques --- Enzymology --- Molecular biology --- Gene amplification --- Polymerase chain reaction --- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase --- Gene Amplification --- Molecular Biology --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases --- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase. --- Gene Amplification. --- Molecular Biology. --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases. --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases --- Amplification, Gene --- Gene expression --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Gene amplification. --- Polymerase chain reaction. --- DNA Polymerases. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Molecular biology. --- RNA Polymerases. --- Genetic Phenomena --- Dna polymerases. --- Genetic engineering. --- Rna polymerases. --- Genetic Engineering --- DNA --- ADN polymérases --- ADN --- Synthesis --- Biotechnology --- Synthèse --- Biotechnologie --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase --- RNA Polymerase --- Transcriptase --- DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases --- RNA Polymerases --- Transcriptases --- DNA Dependent RNA Polymerases --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerase --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerases --- Polymerase, DNA-Directed RNA --- Polymerase, RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Dependent RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Directed RNA --- Polymerases, RNA --- RNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Directed --- DNA Polymerase N3 --- DNA Polymerases --- DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerases --- DNA Dependent DNA Polymerases --- DNA Directed DNA Polymerase --- DNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed --- DNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent --- Polymerase N3, DNA --- Polymerase, DNA-Directed DNA --- Polymerases, DNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Dependent DNA --- DNA Polymerase --- Polymerase, DNA --- Dna polymerases --- Rna polymerases
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Cytomegalovirus --- Genes, Immediate-Early. --- RNA Polymerase II --- RNA, Viral --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Transcription, Genetic --- RNA Splicing --- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus --- Cell Nucleus --- genetics. --- metabolism. --- biosynthesis. --- physiology. --- Theses --- Immediate-Early Genes --- Gene, Immediate-Early --- Genes, Immediate Early --- Immediate Early Genes --- Immediate-Early Gene --- Immediate Early Gene --- Early Gene, Immediate --- Early Genes, Immediate --- Gene, Immediate Early --- Genes, Immediate-Early --- genetics --- metabolism --- biosynthesis --- physiology
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Molecular biology --- Analytical biochemistry --- DNA Polymerases --- Gene Amplification --- Genetic Engineering --- RNA Polymerases --- Polymerase chain reaction --- Gene amplification --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Redondance génétique --- methods --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases --- Biologie moléculaire --- Enzymes --- Clonage moléculaire --- molecular cloning --- Virologie --- Virology --- Virus --- viruses --- Identification --- identification --- ADN --- DNA --- ARN --- RNA --- Génétique --- genetics --- Évolution --- evolution --- Expérimentation en laboratoire --- Laboratory experimentation --- Méthodologie --- methodology --- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase. --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques. --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases. --- 577.212.3 --- 57.088.1 --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases --- Amplification, Gene --- Gene expression --- Amplification Technics, Nucleic Acid --- Amplification Techniques, Nucleic Acid --- DNA Amplification Technics --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Technics --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Test --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests --- RNA Amplification Technics --- Technics, Nucleic Acid Amplification --- Techniques, Nucleic Acid Amplification --- DNA Amplification Techniques --- RNA Amplification Techniques --- Amplification Technic, DNA --- Amplification Technic, RNA --- Amplification Technics, DNA --- Amplification Technics, RNA --- Amplification Technique, DNA --- Amplification Technique, RNA --- Amplification Techniques, DNA --- Amplification Techniques, RNA --- DNA Amplification Technic --- DNA Amplification Technique --- RNA Amplification Technic --- RNA Amplification Technique --- Technic, DNA Amplification --- Technic, RNA Amplification --- Technics, DNA Amplification --- Technics, RNA Amplification --- Technique, DNA Amplification --- Technique, RNA Amplification --- Techniques, DNA Amplification --- Techniques, RNA Amplification --- methods. --- Nucleic acid base and sequence compositon. Experimental deciphering of genetic code. --- Methods for analysis and estimation --- Polymerase chain reaction. --- Gene amplification. --- DNA Polymerases. --- RNA Polymerases. --- 57.088.1 Methods for analysis and estimation --- 577.212.3 Nucleic acid base and sequence compositon. Experimental deciphering of genetic code. --- Dna polymerases. --- Genetic engineering --- Rna polymerases. --- Methods. --- Réaction en chaîne de la polymérase --- Redondance génétique --- DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques --- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase --- RNA Polymerase --- Transcriptase --- DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases --- Transcriptases --- DNA Dependent RNA Polymerases --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerase --- DNA Directed RNA Polymerases --- Polymerase, DNA-Directed RNA --- Polymerase, RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Dependent RNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Directed RNA --- Polymerases, RNA --- RNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent --- RNA Polymerases, DNA-Directed --- DNA Polymerase N3 --- DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerases --- DNA Dependent DNA Polymerases --- DNA Directed DNA Polymerase --- DNA Polymerase, DNA-Directed --- DNA Polymerases, DNA-Dependent --- Polymerase N3, DNA --- Polymerase, DNA-Directed DNA --- Polymerases, DNA --- Polymerases, DNA-Dependent DNA --- Nucleic acid base and sequence compositon. Experimental deciphering of genetic code --- viruses. --- identification. --- DNA. --- RNA. --- evolution. --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Technic --- Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique --- DNA Polymerase --- Polymerase, DNA --- Gene Amplification - methods --- Genetic Engineering - methods --- Polymerases --- Rna --- DNA POLYMERASES --- GENE AMPLIFICATION --- GENETIC ENGINEERING --- RNA POLYMERASES --- METHODS
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Nutritional deficiencies, and different nutritional and dietary lifestyles, whether poor or absent of essential nutrients, aside from excess intake, can lead to inflammatory complications and loss of function. Bioactive compounds are non-nutritional components derived from plants, foods, and beverages with a multitude of biological effects. The improvement of analytical techniques has allowed scientific community to state that the regular consumption of bioactive phytochemicals is related to the prevention of numerous pathologies, through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress reduction, gene expression modulation, and even enzymatic activation inhibition.
quercetin --- nervous system --- molecular signals --- pharmacological potential --- cognitive impairment. --- micronuclei --- radioprotectors --- radiation effects --- melanoma --- PNT2 --- B16F10 cells --- Ulmus parvifolia --- wound healing --- matrix metalloproteinase --- transforming growth factor --- skin rejuvenation --- kaempferol --- naringin --- orientin --- rutin --- vitexin --- chlorogenic acid --- citric acid --- malic acid --- quinic acid --- rosmarinic acid --- curcumin --- nanocurcumin --- neurological disorders --- nanocarriers --- liposomes --- cancer --- diet --- flavonoids --- food supplements --- hormesis --- phytoestrogens --- sulforaphane --- resveratrol --- cardiovascular disease --- nanomedicine --- liposome --- nanoformulation --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase --- remdesivir --- chloroquine --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- spike glycoproteins --- Acorus calamus --- ethnomedicinal --- phytochemistry --- toxicity --- pharmacological action --- clinical trial --- neuroprotective --- neurological --- metabolic application --- kurarinone --- coronavirus --- HCoV-OC43 --- autophagy --- infection --- MRC-5 cell --- LC3 --- p62/SQSTM1 protein --- n/a
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Nutritional deficiencies, and different nutritional and dietary lifestyles, whether poor or absent of essential nutrients, aside from excess intake, can lead to inflammatory complications and loss of function. Bioactive compounds are non-nutritional components derived from plants, foods, and beverages with a multitude of biological effects. The improvement of analytical techniques has allowed scientific community to state that the regular consumption of bioactive phytochemicals is related to the prevention of numerous pathologies, through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress reduction, gene expression modulation, and even enzymatic activation inhibition.
Medicine --- quercetin --- nervous system --- molecular signals --- pharmacological potential --- cognitive impairment. --- micronuclei --- radioprotectors --- radiation effects --- melanoma --- PNT2 --- B16F10 cells --- Ulmus parvifolia --- wound healing --- matrix metalloproteinase --- transforming growth factor --- skin rejuvenation --- kaempferol --- naringin --- orientin --- rutin --- vitexin --- chlorogenic acid --- citric acid --- malic acid --- quinic acid --- rosmarinic acid --- curcumin --- nanocurcumin --- neurological disorders --- nanocarriers --- liposomes --- cancer --- diet --- flavonoids --- food supplements --- hormesis --- phytoestrogens --- sulforaphane --- resveratrol --- cardiovascular disease --- nanomedicine --- liposome --- nanoformulation --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase --- remdesivir --- chloroquine --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- spike glycoproteins --- Acorus calamus --- ethnomedicinal --- phytochemistry --- toxicity --- pharmacological action --- clinical trial --- neuroprotective --- neurological --- metabolic application --- kurarinone --- coronavirus --- HCoV-OC43 --- autophagy --- infection --- MRC-5 cell --- LC3 --- p62/SQSTM1 protein
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To celebrate its 10th anniversary, the prestigious journal Cells launched a series of Special Issues in 2021. The Special Issue entitled “10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Cell Cycle” was launched together with other sister Special Issues under the umbrella “10th Anniversary of Cells.” The cell cycle is a series of events that drives cells to divide and produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the following phases: G1, S, G2, and M phases. Cell cycle progression is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory cyclin subunits. CDKs, such as CDK4/6, CDK2, and CDK1 (also known as CDC2), are serine/threonine kinases with a wide variety of substrates. CDKs are activated mainly by binding to their cyclin partners, whose expressions rise and fall throughout the cell cycle to mediate the temporal activation of each CDKs. Various cell cycle checkpoints exist to ensure that critical processes are engaged prior to progression to the next phase. These cell cycle checkpoints are the G1 (restriction) checkpoint, the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).This Special Issue attracted the attention of many scientists in the cell cycle field and consists of 10 high quality papers, including four research articles and six scientific reviews: a great success. The four research articles focus on various important topics of the cell cycle using a broad range of model organisms, including yeast, sea urchins, green algae, and human cancer cell lines.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- microalgae --- Desmodesmus quadricauda --- cell cycle --- starch --- lipids --- polyphosphate --- guanine --- confocal Raman microscopy --- prenatal life --- perinatal life --- 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine --- cerebellar neuroepithelium --- external granular layer --- neurogenetic timetables --- neurogenetic gradients --- apoptosis --- M2 muscarinic receptor --- glioblastoma --- aberrant mitosis --- mitotic spindle --- Leishmania spp. --- leishmaniases --- telomeres --- telomerase --- growth factors --- receptor tyrosine kinases --- G1 phase --- S phase --- G2 phase --- M phase --- Ras/Erk --- PI3K/Akt --- vitelline layer --- fertilization --- sea urchin eggs --- plasticity --- Ca2+ signaling --- actin --- DTT --- TCEP --- BPA-C8-Cy3 --- electron microscopy --- Nud1 --- Cdc15 --- MEN --- mitotic exit --- Dbf2 --- Mob1 --- spindle position checkpoint --- HSF1 --- HSF2 --- cell cycle arrest --- APC/C complex --- CDK --- CTD phosphatase --- RNA polymerase II --- CTD code --- transcription --- LDIR --- hormesis --- cancer --- p21Waf1(CDKN1A) --- n/a --- 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
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Biologie [Moleculaire ] --- Biologie moléculaire --- Biology [Molecular ] --- Moleculaire biologie --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Molecular biophysics --- Yeasts --- Yeast fungi --- Levures (Botanique) --- cytology --- genetics --- Cytology --- Genetics --- Génétique --- Levure --- Clonage --- cloning --- ADN recombiné --- Recombinant DNA --- Mutant --- Mutants --- Mutation provoquée --- Induced mutation --- Transformation génétique --- genetic transformation --- Expression des gènes --- gene expression --- Biochimie --- biochemistry --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- Génétique moléculaire --- Molecular genetics --- ARN --- RNA --- Synthèse protéique --- protein synthesis --- Enzymes --- Activité enzymatique --- Enzyme activity --- Carte génétique --- genetic maps --- Mutation --- mutation --- Génétique --- Eumycetes --- GENETIC TECHNIQUES --- 582.282.23 --- Genetic Technic --- Genetic Technique --- Technic, Genetic --- Technics, Genetic --- Technique, Genetic --- Techniques, Genetic --- Genetic Counseling --- genetics. --- Saccharomycetineae. Yeasts. Brettanomyces --- 582.282.23 Saccharomycetineae. Yeasts. Brettanomyces --- Genetic Techniques. --- Molecular Biology. --- 575 --- 577.2 --- 577.2 Molecular bases of life. Molecular biology --- Molecular bases of life. Molecular biology --- 575 General genetics. General cytogenetics. Immunogenetics. Evolution. Speciation. Phylogeny --- General genetics. General cytogenetics. Immunogenetics. Evolution. Speciation. Phylogeny --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Genetic Phenomena --- Genetic Technics --- methods --- Biological techniques --- Genetic Techniques --- Molecular Biology --- cytology. --- RNA. --- mutation. --- Yeasts - genetics --- Biologie cellulaire --- Rna polymerase
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