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Pour ce qui est de la partie théorique de ce travail, nous abordons tout d'abord le stéréotype de l'enfant unique et son élaboration dans l'esprit collectif. Le 2e chapitre concerne la rivalité fraternelle. Dans le 3e chapitre, nous comparons la situation d'aîné à celle d'unique d'un point de vue psychodynamique. Lors de la partie pratique, nous avons mis à l'épreuve nos hypothèses concernant la mise en évidence de différences (relationnelles, intrapsychiques, cognitives, développementales) inhérentes à la situation d'enfant unique comparativement à celle d'aîné. Pour ce faire, nous avons constitué 2 groupes de 6 sujets masculins (6 uniques et 6 aînés) auxquels nous avons fait passer le Rorschach et le Szondi.

ENFANT --- FRATRIE --- PERSONNALITE -- DEVELOPPEMENT --- PERSONNALITE -- EVALUATION --- RIVALITE --- TROUBLE PSYCHOPATHOLOGIQUE

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Les stéréotypes sont connus pour exercer de nombreuses fonctions dont celles de justification du groupe et de justification du système. Ces deux fonctions sont en opposition chez des individus de bas statut, ce qui se traduit par une attitude ambivalente envers l'endogroupe. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous interrogeons sur les facteurs favorisant l'apparition de justification du groupe, de justification du système et d'ambivalence chez des individus de bas statut. Plus précisément, ,nous étudions l'impact de la saillance de l'identité groupale sur les trois variables.

STEREOTYPE --- CONFLIT --- IDENTITE SOCIALE --- STATUT SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE --- MILIEU DEFAVORISE --- DYNAMIQUE DE GROUPE --- INTERACTION SOCIALE --- RIVALITE

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Parenting --- Parent and child --- Sibling rivalry --- Siblings. --- Rôle parental --- Parents et enfants --- Rivalité fraternelle --- Frères et soeurs

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The authors identify tasks that the People's Liberation Army (PLA) would likely be assigned by Chinese leaders to achieve strategic goals both in peacetime competition with the United States and in a hypothetical low-intensity conflict. The authors then analyze potential vulnerabilities in the PLA's execution of those tasks and how the United States could leverage those vulnerabilities to disrupt China's strategic goals, focusing on the potential for peacetime competition to erupt into a broader low-intensity conflict featuring smaller, indirect, or hybrid confrontations that span the world. The authors expand on a comprehensive list of potential PLA missions developed in prior research and explore vulnerabilities in the PLA's execution of the specific tasks required to achieve Beijing's strategic objectives. Across these missions and tasks, they identify five sets of vulnerabilities that, if disrupted, could affect Beijing's ability to achieve its goals: fears of domestic instability after PLA actions, risk of escalating conflict, harm to China's reputation, the PLA's limited ability to support partner states, and the PLA's limited ability to project power. These vulnerabilities provide a sense of the potential pressure points that the PLA could face in accomplishing its objectives. Options for the United States to leverage these pressure points include deterring harmful PLA actions by shaping perceptions of how those actions might affect China's interests, exploiting the consequences of PLA actions to deter Beijing from repeating similar actions, and exploiting PLA weaknesses in power projection and partner support to weaken confidence in the PLA and discourage similar operations.

Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) --- Strategic rivalries (World politics) --- Conflits de basse intensité. --- Rivalités stratégiques (Politique mondiale) --- China --- United States --- Military policy.

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A lively introduction to the practical application of strategy in war and peaceRead and download the introduction for free now (pdf)Strategy is a central concept in international security, and one that travels across the academic disciplines of politics, international relations and history. By why is it so important? Aaron Edwards unpacks key strategic episodes from world history and politics to help readers to understand the role of strategy and the scholarly and policy debates surrounding it.Discover how strategic theory can be used to navigate the complex and uncertain international security environment that we live in today.Assesses the practical utility of strategy in the modern world and emphasises its analytical value in the practical business of national and international securityExamines the politics of strategy in times of both war and peaceThemes covered include:International relations • technology • ethics • irregular war (including counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism and hybrid warfare) • the resurgence of great power rivalries in the early 21st century • the rise of non-state actorsCase studies include:Guerrilla warfare and strategy in regions from South East Asia to the Middle East • US nuclear strategy in the Cold War • Russian intervention in Ukraine • British strategy at the end of empire • the UN's role in resolving conflict after the Cold War • US-led coalition strategy in Afghanistan • the challenge posed by Al Qaeda and Islamic State/Daesh"

International relations. --- Security, International. --- Strategic rivalries. --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- War --- Strategic rivalries (World politics) --- Security, International --- Guerre --- Rivalités stratégiques (Politique mondiale) --- Sécurité internationale --- History --- Histoire