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Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) form a vast family of hundreds of toxins from plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. RIP activities have also been detected in animal tissues. They target a single adenine of a ribosomal RNA, thereby blocking protein synthesis and leading intoxicated cells to apoptosis. The role of plant RIPs may be related to plant defense against predators and viruses, plant senescence or bacterial pathogenesis. Most RIPs are no threat to human or animal health. However, several bacterial RIPs are major virulence factors involved in severe epidemic diseases such as dysentery or the hemolytic uremic syndrome that may occur in patients suffering from Shiga toxin-producing entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. Several plant RIPs such as ricin toxin, abrin or sarcin have been, or may be involved in accidental or criminal poisonings, political intimidation or bio-suicides. Health crisis, biosafety and biosecurity issues became a major concern and many efforts are made to develop treatments. Finally, RIPs can be engineered into immunotoxins to destroy cancer cells or cells chronically infected by viruses. This book presents the most recent data on all aspects of RIPs including function, diversity and evolution, mechanism, pathophysiology, medical countermeasures and engineering into anticancer drugs.

toxin --- Shiga toxin --- ricin --- Ribosome inactivating protein

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Oléagineux. --- Oilseed plants. --- Cultures tropicales. --- Tropical crops. --- Huiles végétales --- Vegetable oils. --- Huile d'arachide --- Peanut oil. --- Huile de coton --- Cottonseed oil. --- Sesame oil. --- Huile de ricin --- Castor oil.

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The intent of this volume of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology was to bring together a collection of in-depth and cutting edge reviews that highlight our current understanding of the biology of ricin and Shiga toxin (Stx), with the long term goal of advancing the development of countermeasures against these toxic agents.  In May of 2011, Western Europe experienced a severe outbreak of Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) that culminated in more than 3200 cases and 39 deaths.  While Stx is not the only virulence factor associated with STEC, it is certainly the primary determinant associated with the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).  At the present time, there are no clinically approved measures to neutralize Stx in individuals suffering from STEC infection.  Nor are there any preventatives or therapeutics for ricin toxin.  Although incidents of ricin exposure are largely unheard of, federal agencies and public health officials consider it a significant threat.  It is well documented that domestic and international terrorist groups have stockpiled, and in some cases weaponized ricin with the intent of releasing it into the public sphere and causing panic, illness and/or death on a local, regional, or possibly national scale. As the title of this volume indicates, the chapters, written by leading experts in the field, are organized so as to cover all aspects of ricin and Stx, including pathogenesis, immunity, vaccines and therapeutics. This outstanding collection of reviews will serve as an important and readily accessible resource for the research community in the coming years.   .

Antigens and antibodies. --- Chemical agents (Munitions) -- Toxicology. --- Ricin. --- Toxins. --- Verocytotoxins. --- Ricin --- Verocytotoxins --- Chemical agents (Munitions) --- Immunoglobulins --- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2 --- Enterotoxins --- Plant Lectins --- Bacterial Toxins --- Albumins --- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins --- Proteins --- Toxins, Biological --- Lectins --- Biological Factors --- N-Glycosyl Hydrolases --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Plant Proteins --- Glycoside Hydrolases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrolases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Shiga Toxins --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Toxicology --- Immunotherapy. --- Vaccines. --- Therapeutic immunology --- Natural toxicants --- Toxicants, Natural --- Toxins and antitoxins --- Castor bean lectin --- Ricinus lectin --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Biologicals --- Clinical immunology --- Therapeutics --- Antigens --- Metabolites --- Poisons --- Antitoxins --- Detoxification (Health) --- Plant lectins --- Plant toxins --- Toxalbumins --- Toxicology. --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning