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Issus des roches phosphatées, les phosphates possèdent de multiples applications selon le traitement réalisé par les industriels. Le métaphosphate de potassium, produit à partir d’acide phosphorique purifié et d’hydroxyde de potassium, est un composé utile à l’industrie alimentaire. Une courbe de pH de l’acide phosphorique titré par de l’hydroxyde de potassium a été réalisée selon le degré d’avancement de la réaction. Plusieurs études ont révélé la présence de ponts entre les chaînes du polymère inorganique résultant d’une réaction de réticulation. Afin de déterminer les facteurs influençant le phénomène, l’exploitation de rapports de campagnes d’usine a permis l’identification des paramètres opératoires à faire varier. La recherche des intervalles de variation correspondant aux différents facteurs influents ainsi que l’organisation de l’expérimentation ont été menées par l’application de la méthode des plans d’expériences permettant alors la rédaction d’un mode opératoire. A la suite des conditions exceptionnelles actuelles, les expériences en laboratoire n’ont pu être réalisées et les résultats présentés proviennent exclusivement de la littérature.

Etant donné l’activité industrielle liée à la croissance démographique, le cycle du phosphore s’est vu perturbé au fil des années conduisant à un questionnement sur une éventuelle pénurie du phosphore. Une revue de littérature a été établie pour expliquer le scénario d’un possible manque de phosphore à l’avenir et pour proposer deux solutions de récupération des phosphates dans les eaux usées dans l’optique d’un développement durable.

Réticulation --- Métaphosphate de potassium --- Titrage acide phosphorique --- Plans d'expériences --- Pénurie du phosphore --- Récupération du phosphore --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie chimique

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This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems.

Technology: general issues --- hydraulic modelling --- pressure control valve --- pressure management --- remote real-time control --- stochastic consumption --- water distribution system --- fault identification --- hydraulic transient --- inverse transient analysis (ITA) --- water distribution network --- optimization approach --- water distribution monitoring --- optimal sensor placement --- water network partitioning --- topological centrality --- smart water system --- framework --- smartness --- cyber wellness --- leakage --- sensitivity --- uncertainty --- entropy --- multi-criteria decision-making --- DEMATEL --- clustering --- district metered area --- network sectorization --- smart city --- water quality monitoring --- Internet of Things --- wireless sensor networks --- water treatment plant --- data analytics --- nitrate --- nitrite --- water demand forecasting --- hybrid model --- error correction --- chaotic time series --- least square support vector machine --- cross-correlation --- data spatial aggregation --- finite population effect --- metering --- sample mean --- sampling design --- standard error --- stochastic analysis --- water demand peak factor --- water distribution networks --- comparative analysis --- hydraulic measure --- multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) --- reliability index --- water distribution network (WDN) --- smart stormwater --- machine learning --- cluster analysis --- data science --- flooding detection --- rainwater harvesting --- water trading --- dual reticulation --- decentralized water supply --- agent-based modeling --- urban water management --- urban water consumption --- water demand data --- water data accessibility --- data resolution --- smart meter --- smart water systems --- cyber-physical security --- cyber-security --- cyber-physical attacks --- water distribution systems --- cyber-attack detection --- blind sources separation --- FastICA --- hydraulic modelling --- pressure control valve --- pressure management --- remote real-time control --- stochastic consumption --- water distribution system --- fault identification --- hydraulic transient --- inverse transient analysis (ITA) --- water distribution network --- optimization approach --- water distribution monitoring --- optimal sensor placement --- water network partitioning --- topological centrality --- smart water system --- framework --- smartness --- cyber wellness --- leakage --- sensitivity --- uncertainty --- entropy --- multi-criteria decision-making --- DEMATEL --- clustering --- district metered area --- network sectorization --- smart city --- water quality monitoring --- Internet of Things --- wireless sensor networks --- water treatment plant --- data analytics --- nitrate --- nitrite --- water demand forecasting --- hybrid model --- error correction --- chaotic time series --- least square support vector machine --- cross-correlation --- data spatial aggregation --- finite population effect --- metering --- sample mean --- sampling design --- standard error --- stochastic analysis --- water demand peak factor --- water distribution networks --- comparative analysis --- hydraulic measure --- multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) --- reliability index --- water distribution network (WDN) --- smart stormwater --- machine learning --- cluster analysis --- data science --- flooding detection --- rainwater harvesting --- water trading --- dual reticulation --- decentralized water supply --- agent-based modeling --- urban water management --- urban water consumption --- water demand data --- water data accessibility --- data resolution --- smart meter --- smart water systems --- cyber-physical security --- cyber-security --- cyber-physical attacks --- water distribution systems --- cyber-attack detection --- blind sources separation --- FastICA

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents the paper form of the Special Issue (SI) on Smart Urban Water Networks. The number and topics of the papers in the SI confirm the growing interest of operators and researchers for the new paradigm of smart networks, as part of the more general smart city. The SI showed that digital information and communication technology (ICT), with the implementation of smart meters and other digital devices, can significantly improve the modelling and the management of urban water networks, contributing to a radical transformation of the traditional paradigm of water utilities. The paper collection in this SI includes different crucial topics such as the reliability, resilience, and performance of water networks, innovative demand management, and the novel challenge of real-time control and operation, along with their implications for cyber-security. The SI collected fourteen papers that provide a wide perspective of solutions, trends, and challenges in the contest of smart urban water networks. Some solutions have already been implemented in pilot sites (i.e., for water network partitioning, cyber-security, and water demand disaggregation and forecasting), while further investigations are required for other methods, e.g., the data-driven approaches for real time control. In all cases, a new deal between academia, industry, and governments must be embraced to start the new era of smart urban water systems.

hydraulic modelling --- pressure control valve --- pressure management --- remote real-time control --- stochastic consumption --- water distribution system --- fault identification --- hydraulic transient --- inverse transient analysis (ITA) --- water distribution network --- optimization approach --- water distribution monitoring --- optimal sensor placement --- water network partitioning --- topological centrality --- smart water system --- framework --- smartness --- cyber wellness --- leakage --- sensitivity --- uncertainty --- entropy --- multi-criteria decision-making --- DEMATEL --- clustering --- district metered area --- network sectorization --- smart city --- water quality monitoring --- Internet of Things --- wireless sensor networks --- water treatment plant --- data analytics --- nitrate --- nitrite --- water demand forecasting --- hybrid model --- error correction --- chaotic time series --- least square support vector machine --- cross-correlation --- data spatial aggregation --- finite population effect --- metering --- sample mean --- sampling design --- standard error --- stochastic analysis --- water demand peak factor --- water distribution networks --- comparative analysis --- hydraulic measure --- multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) --- reliability index --- water distribution network (WDN) --- smart stormwater --- machine learning --- cluster analysis --- data science --- flooding detection --- rainwater harvesting --- water trading --- dual reticulation --- decentralized water supply --- agent-based modeling --- urban water management --- urban water consumption --- water demand data --- water data accessibility --- data resolution --- smart meter --- smart water systems --- cyber–physical security --- cyber-security --- cyber–physical attacks --- n/a --- water distribution systems --- cyber-attack detection --- blind sources separation --- FastICA --- cyber-physical security --- cyber-physical attacks