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Les oligosaccharides de chitosane (COS) sont connus pour leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes ainsi que leur activité élicitrice de mécanismes de résistance chez les plantes. Ils suscitent un intérêt croissant dans la lutte contre les phytopathogènes en agriculture. L'objectif du travail est d'analyser les effets antifongiques d’une préparation de COS ainsi que leur effet protecteur chez la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Merveilles des Marchés) infectée par Botrytis cinerea. Des tests d'inhibition de la sporulation et de la croissance du champignon en présence de COS ont été réalisés in vitro. Ensuite, des tests réalisés sur tomates ont permis d’analyser, d’évaluer l’activité protectrice des COS lors de l’infection par le pathogène. Nous avons mesuré cet effet protecteur au niveau local et au niveau systémique par diverses approches: évaluation des nécroses après infection, analyses d’enzymes-clés (LOX et PAL) de certaines voies de défense de la plante, de protéines PR (chitinases) impliquées dans la résistance systémique induite (RSA), et dosage des composés phénoliques totaux. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les COS confèrent une protection au niveau local ainsi qu'une protection systémique. Cette dernière serait liée à l'activation de la voie des oxylipines (activité LOX) et la production de chitinases (protéines PR). De plus, il semble que les COS stimulent également la voie des phénylpropanoïdes (activité PAL et la production de composés phénoliques) conférant une protection au niveau local.
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Proefschriften --- Thèses --- Citrus --- Tomate --- Tomatoes --- Haricot commun --- Kidney beans --- Agent pathogène --- Pathogens --- Perte après récolte --- Postharvest losses --- Lutte biologique --- Biological control --- Bacteria --- Pseudomonas putida --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Résistance aux maladies --- Disease resistance --- 632.937.15 --- Theses --- 632.937.15 Bacteria --- Tomatoes. --- Pantoea agglomerans
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Plante de culture --- Crops --- Agent pathogène --- Pathogens --- Relation hôte parasite --- Host parasite relations --- Marqueur génétique --- genetic markers --- Réponse de la plante --- Plant response --- Phytoalexine --- Phytoalexins --- Résistance aux maladies --- Disease resistance --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Composé phénolique --- Phenolic compounds --- Toxine --- Toxins --- Membrane cellulaire --- cell membranes --- Fungal diseases of plants. --- Plant molecular biology. --- Plant-pathogen relationships. --- Plants --- Disease and pest resistance --- Molecular aspects.
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Transfert de gène --- Gene transfer --- Résistance aux facteurs nuisibles --- Resistance to injurious factors --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Génie génétique --- genetic engineering --- Mutation --- mutation --- Transformation génétique --- genetic transformation --- Épidémiologie --- Epidemiology --- Bacteria --- Soil --- Plante --- plants --- environment --- Bacterial transformation. --- Genetic transformation. --- Basic Sciences. Genetics --- Population and Quantitative Genetics --- Population and Quantitative Genetics. --- mutation.
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Solanaceae --- Bactériose --- Bacterioses --- Erwinia --- Pseudomonas --- Plante pesticide --- Pesticide crops --- Hordeum vulgare --- Biopesticide --- Biopesticides --- Protéine --- proteins --- Lutte génétique --- Genetic control --- ADN recombiné --- Recombinant DNA --- Xanthomonas campestris --- Toxicité --- toxicity --- Résistance aux maladies --- Disease resistance --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Plante transgénique --- Transgenic plants --- Hyalophora cecropia --- Clavibacter michiganensis --- 632.938 --- Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- Theses --- 632.938 Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- Contrôle des maladies --- Hordothionine --- Cecropine
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Lilium --- Fusarium --- Résistance aux maladies --- Disease resistance --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Hybridation --- Hybridization --- 635.073 --- 635.92 --- Roots. Tubers. Bulbs --- Ornamentals grown and used outdoors. Outdoor pot or tub plants. Box (e.g. window-box) plants. Garden and other ornamentals --- Theses --- 635.92 Ornamentals grown and used outdoors. Outdoor pot or tub plants. Box (e.g. window-box) plants. Garden and other ornamentals --- 635.073 Roots. Tubers. Bulbs
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Pesticide --- pesticides --- Maladie des plantes --- Plant diseases --- Ravageur des plantes --- pests of plants --- Résistance aux pesticides --- Pesticide resistance --- Propriété des pesticides --- pesticidal properties --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Plant and Crop Protection --- Congresses. --- Pesticide Resistance --- Pesticide Resistance. --- Pests --- Control. --- Chemical control of pests --- Control of pests --- Eradication of pests --- Extermination of pests --- Pest control --- Pest eradication --- Pest extermination --- Pest management --- Agricultural pests --- Pest resistance to pesticides --- Resistance to pesticides --- Chemical control --- Eradication --- Extermination --- Management --- Pesticides
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Oryza sativa --- Résistance aux maladies --- Disease resistance --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Magnaporthe --- Rhizoctonia solani --- Pigment --- Pigments --- Arabidopsis --- Serratia --- Cochliobolus miyabeanus --- Pseudomonas fluorescens --- ABA --- Réponse immunitaire --- Immune response --- Sciences and engineering --- biological sciences --- biology --- molecular --- agriculture --- plant pathology --- plant physiology --- 633.18 --- 632.938 --- Rices. Oryza --- Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- 632.938 Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- 633.18 Rices. Oryza --- molecular. --- plant pathology. --- plant physiology. --- Pyocyanin --- Biological sciences --- Agriculture --- Plant pathology. --- Biology --- Molecular. --- Plant physiology.
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Arabidopsis --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Maladie des plantes --- Plant diseases --- Insecte nuisible --- Pest insects --- Génie génétique --- genetic engineering --- 582.683.2 --- 632.938 --- Cruciferae. Stocks. Cresses. Water cress. Mustards. Radishes. Rape. Turnip. Wild cabbage. Rockets, Arabidopsis. Candytuft. Shepherd's purse. Woad. Brassicaceae --- Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- Theses --- 632.938 Immunology. Plants resistant to diseases and pests. Immunization of plants --- 582.683.2 Cruciferae. Stocks. Cresses. Water cress. Mustards. Radishes. Rape. Turnip. Wild cabbage. Rockets, Arabidopsis. Candytuft. Shepherd's purse. Woad. Brassicaceae
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Blight [Rice sheath ] --- Champignons phytopathogènes --- Fungal diseases of plants --- Fytopathogene zwammen --- Lactoflavin --- Maladies fongiques des plantes --- Phytopathogenic fungi --- Plant fungi --- Rhizoctonia solani --- Riboflavin --- Rice sheath blight --- Schimmelziekten van de planten --- Sheath blight disease of rice --- Stem and crown blight of rice --- Vitamin B2 --- Vitamin G --- Zwammen [Fytopathogene ] --- Oryza --- Marqueur génétique --- genetic markers --- diagnosis --- Riboflavine --- Résistance induite --- Induced resistance --- Réponse de la plante --- Plant response --- Lignine --- Lignins --- Oxydoréduction --- Oxidoreductions --- 633.18 --- 632.4 --- 582.288.4 --- Rices. Oryza --- Algal and fungal diseases of plants. Plant mycoses etc. --- Hyphomycetes. Penicillium. Verticillium. Helminthosporium. Botrytis. Moniliella. Aspergillus. Rhizoctonia. Trichoderma --- Theses --- 582.288.4 Hyphomycetes. Penicillium. Verticillium. Helminthosporium. Botrytis. Moniliella. Aspergillus. Rhizoctonia. Trichoderma --- 632.4 Algal and fungal diseases of plants. Plant mycoses etc. --- 633.18 Rices. Oryza --- Rice --- Diseases and pests
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