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Originally published in 1985. This study concerns the problem of treating identity as a relation between an object and itself. It addresses the Russellian and Fregean solutions and goes on to present in the first part a surfacist account of belief-context ambiguity requiring neither differences in relative scope nor distinctions between sense and reference. The second part offers an account of negative existentials, necessity and identity-statements which resolves problems unlike the Russell-Frege analyses. This is a detailed work in linguistics and philosophy.

Référence (philosophie) --- Proposition (logique) --- Signification (philosophie) --- Logique.

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Calcul des prédicats --- Quantificateurs (logique mathématique) --- Référence (philosophie) --- Calcul des prédicats --- Quantificateurs (logique mathématique) --- Référence (philosophie)

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John Hawthorne and David Manley present an original treatment of the semantic phenomenon of reference and the cognitive phenomenon of singular thought. In Part I, they argue against the idea that either is tied to a special relation of causal or epistemic acquaintance. Part II challenges the alleged semantic rift between definite and indefinite descriptions on the one hand, and names and demonstratives on the other--a division that has been motivated in part by appeals to considerations of acquaintance. Drawing on recent work in linguistics and philosophical semantics, Hawthorne and Manley explore a more unified account of all four types of expression according to which none of them paradigmatically fits the profile of a referential term. On the preferred framework put forward in The Reference Book, all four types of expression involve existential quantification but admit of uses that exhibit many of the traits associated with reference--a phenomenon that is due to the presence of what Hawthorne and Manley call a 'singular restriction' on the existentially quantified domain. The book concludes by drawing out some implications of the proposed semantic picture for the traditional categories of reference and singular thought.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Reference (Philosophy) --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Reference (Philosophy). --- Référence (Philosophie)

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Analyser l’actuel thème de la fin de la philosophie pour mieux le mettre en cause puis en perspective, tel est l’objectif de ce livre. Analyser tout d’abord, en déployant le motif de la mort de la philosophie dans la diversité de ses variations actuelles (post-analytique, phénoménologique, etc.). Remettre en cause ensuite, en proposant une conception de la signification philosophique qui dépasse les paradoxes de l’énonciation inhérents aux positions envisagées. Mettre en perspective enfin, en retournant à la source historique de ces paradoxes, à la racine commune aux paradigmes les plus opposés, à savoir une pareille « course à la référence » au détriment d’une théorie minimale de l’autoréférence. Il s’agit donc de proposer un modèle pour aller vers la fin de la fin de la philosophie, c’est-à-dire vers la vie toujours recommencée.

Philosophy, Modern --- Reference (Philosophy) --- Philosophie --- Référence (Philosophie) --- #gsdbF --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Reflection (Philosophy)

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Quine, willard van orman (1908-2000) --- Reference (philosophie) --- Critique et interprétation